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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 1698-1701 
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3047-3054 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We reexamine the emission of electrons and positive ions from high density polyethylene (HDPE) during tensile deformation at strain rates on the order of 30% s−1. Earlier reports have suggested that electron emission due to bond scissions accompanying deformation of HDPE have been observed. Here we focus on the role of small frictional effects on the polymer at the edges of the clamps due to slippage during elongation. We show that when slippage is eliminated, the deformation-induced particle emission vanishes. Thus, the prefailure electron and positive ion emission is apparently not due to bond scissions as a result of tensile deformation of the polymer but to slippage of the polymer in the grips. We discuss the processes occurring during tribological loading which produce intense, longer lasting emission during and after stimulation. We present evidence that the emission due to tribological loading involves charge transfer upon contact between metal and polymer, mechanical separation of charge, and subsequent dynamic stimulation of the polymer surface due to energetic charge motion (surface flashover).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4253-4257 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We describe measurements of negative charge emission accompanying irradiation of sodium trisilicate glass (Na2O⋅3SiO2) with 248-nm excimer laser light at fluences on the order of 2 J/cm2 per pulse, i.e., at the threshold for ablative etching of the glass surface. The negative charge emission consists of a very prompt photoelectron burst coincident with the laser pulse, followed by a much slower plume of electrons and negative ions traveling with a high density cloud of positive ions, previously identified as primarily Na+. Using combinations of E and B fields in conjunction with time-of-flight methods, the negative ions were successfully separated from the plume and tentatively identified as O−, Si−, NaO−, and perhaps NaSi−. These negative species are probably formed by gas phase collisions in the near-surface region which result in electron attachment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2338-2346 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The emission of charged and neutral particles from single-crystal NaCl irradiated with 248 nm excimer laser light is studied by means of time-resolved photon spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Cathodo- and photoluminescence spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicate the progressive growth of surface damage during pulsed laser irradiation. SEM observations indicate that substantial fracture occurs prior to the onset of rapid vaporization. The plume is composed of charged particles as well as a high density of excited neutrals, including a number of energetic cluster ions. Fracture and subsequent plastic deformation contribute significantly to defect production and processes of laser desorption and vaporization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1831-1836 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In previous work we examined the changes in surface topography of sodium trisilicate glass (Na2O⋅3SiO2) with exposure to pulsed 248-nm excimer laser light at fluences of 2.6–5 J/cm2 (per laser pulse), as well as the character of the products emitted from the glass surface (e.g., ± ions, electrons, ground state and excited neutral atoms and molecules). At fluences above a threshold, ablative etching occurs only after a number of preliminary laser pulses. In this work, we show a dramatic synergism in the ablation process by simultaneous bombardment of the glass surface with 0.5–2 keV electrons and laser pulses. Extensive etching can be initiated immediately and sustained indefinitely at subthreshold fluences. Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy performed on electron-bombarded surfaces shows band gap states growing with exposure. We propose that surface and near-surface defects produced by inelastic scattering of the electron beam provide single-photon absorption centers, facilitating etching at subthreshold fluences. The potential for single-photon driven etching/ablation of other wide band gap dielectric materials is also discussed. These studies also support the hypothesis that etching and damage of such surfaces can occur after prolonged exposure to laser irradiation alone due to an accumulation of absorption centers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 5048-5055 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The emission of electrons, photons, and positive ions was monitored during three-point bending, compression, and fast compression (impact loading) of single-crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The emission appears to be fracture mode dependent with negligible emission from cleavage-type fracture and very intense electron emission accompanying impact. Possible causes of this enhanced emission are discussed in terms of shear effects and frictional grinding of the crystal fragments. Evidence of a microdischarge (electrical breakdown between fracture surfaces) during impact loading of the crystals is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3802-3806 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The use of scanning force microscopy (SFM) to probe wear processes at interfaces is of considerable interest. A simple modification of the SFM which allows one to make highly spatially resolved measurements of conductivity changes produced by abrasion of thin insulating films on metal substrates is presented here. The technique is demonstrated on fluorocarbon polymer thin films deposited on stainless-steel substrates. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2965-2971 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In past studies, we have shown that fracto-emission (the emission of electrons, ions, photons, and neutral species) is observable during and following the fracture of simulated model propellent composites. In this paper we examine the electron, photon, and radio-frequency emissions from two situations that lead to interfacial or adhesive failure: the fracture of model propellents loaded with cyclotriethylene-trinitramine (RDX), and the peeling of binder material from macroscopic single crystals of RDX. Two binder materials are examined: hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene/isophorone diisocyanate and polyglycidyl azide prepolymer cured with a multifunctional isocyanate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1437-1449 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We investigate the simultaneous emission of electrons and photons during the deformation and fracture of two types of high-purity single-crystal MgO. These crystals exhibit significant differences in optical opacity due to differences in void and precipitate concentrations. Measurements of the emission of visible photons during deformation and prior to failure of the crystals are presented, along with the time dependencies of the photon and electron emission during and after fracture. Correlations with fracture strength and fractographic features are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3758-3767 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: When single-crystal, arc-fused MgO is cleaved and exposed to single pulses of 248 nm, 3–10 J/cm2 excimer laser light (in vacuum), micron-sized holes are produced in the irradiated area. Cleavage produces micron-sized sites which exhibit highly localized absorption, resulting in decomposition, melting, and vaporization of the crystal at these sites. At fluences between 1 and 2 J/cm2, single laser pulses can produce localized, superficial melting and decomposition, leaving clusters of Mg-rich droplets on the surface. The mass-resolved charged and neutral particle emission produced by irradiation of the cleaved MgO surface with single laser pulses are examined. There are considerable variations in these emissions when single laser pulses strike different regions of the cleavage surface; these variations are strongly correlated with the production of conical holes in the irradiated region. A phenomenological model for the creation of these sites involving dislocation driven processes during cleavage and the resulting interactions of these sites with the laser beam are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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