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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of laboratory (short-term exposure in small beakers) studies and a 19 d mesocosm (6 m3 polyethylene bags filled with fjord water) study were conducted on blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, larvae and plantigrades exposed to a concentration gradient of the detergent linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS, 0 to 39 mg l−1). LAS is increasingly found in nearshore environments receiving wastewater from urban treatment plants. The aims were to observe physiological effects on swimming, grazing and growth in the laboratory and effects on settling and population development at in situ conditions (in field mesocosms) in order to evaluate the damages on ciliated meroplankton caused by LAS. In the laboratory the larvae showed a 50% mortality at 3.8 mg LAS l−1 after 96 h exposure whether or not food was provided. Additionally the swimming behaviour was affected at 0.8 mg LAS l−1 (i.e. a more compact swimming track, a smaller diameter of the swimming tracks, and reduced swimming speed). The larval particle grazing was reduced 50% at 1.4 mg LAS l−1. The specific growth rate of the larvae was reduced to half at 0.82 mg LAS l−1 over 9 d. During the mesocosm experiment, the larval population showed a dramatic decrease in abundance within 2 d at concentrations as low as 0.08 mg LAS l−1, both due to a significantly increased mortality, but also due to settling. The settling success was reduced at the same LAS concentration as that at which mortality was observed to increase significantly. In addition to reduced settling rate, the larvae showed delayed metamorphosis and reduced shell growth as a response to LAS. Our hypothesis that the larval ciliary apparatus, crucial for normal swimming, orientation, and settling behaviours and for particle uptake, was damaged due to LAS exposure is supported by our results. This is confirmed by the physiological data (grazing, growth) and in the direct video-based observations of larval performance (swimming) and provides a reasonable explanation for what was observed in the bags (abundance, settling, mortality). These physiological effects on blue mussel larvae/plantigrades occurred at LAS concentrations reported to occur in estuarine waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 2 (1978), S. 207-216 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Kurzfeassung Bei 1 1/2–2 1/2 jährigen Dorschen in dänischen Küstengewässern kommt ein spezifisches Ulkussyndrom vor, das nur in dem verschmutzten (durch Stadtabwässer, Abwässer aus Zucker- und Zellulosefabriken) Meerwasserbereich festgestellt wurde. Obwohl die Aetiologie der Primärlesionen unbekannt ist (Virus? Stress?), ist die Entwicklung zum Ulkus durch eine bakterielle Infektion bedingt. Dabei warVibrio anguillarum das am häufigsten an lokalen und allgemeinen Infektionen dieser Dorsche beteiligte Bakterium. Vibrio anguillarum kam häufiger in verschmutzten als in nicht verschmutzten Bereichen vor, und die Reaktion auf einen Zufluss von Abwasser aus einer Zuckerfabrik war eine sofortige Zunahme der Menge anVibrio anguillarum in Wasser und Sediment. Es bestand jedoch keine lineare Beziehung zwischen dem Vorkommen vonVibrio anguillarum und der Häufigkeit des Ulkussyndroms. Die beobachtete Heterogeneität bei den an verschiedenen Orten auftretenden Arten vonVibrio anguillarum macht eine intensivere taxonomische und serologische Untersuchung dieser Arten erforderlich. Voraussichtlich könnten das Ulkussyndrom beim Dorsch und das Vorkommen vonVibrio anguillarum (und anderer Vibrios) in Zukunft wichtige Parameter bei überwachungsprogrammen für Meerwasser sein.
    Abstract: Resume Il existe, chez les morues agées de 1 1/2 a 2 1/2 ans vivant dans les eaux côtières danoises, un syndrome spécifique d'ulcère qui n'est signalé que dans les eaux de mer polluées (eaux résiduaires urbaines, effluents d'usines de fabrication de sucre et de cellulose). Bien que l'étiologie des lésions primaires soit inconnue (virus? tension?), on sait que l'évolution en ulcères est liée à une infection bactérienne et leVibrio anguillarum est la bacterie la plus couramment recontrée dans les infections tant locales que generalisées chez les morues. La présence deVibrio anguillarum est plus fréquente dans les zones polluées que dans les zones non polluées et une décharge d'eaux résiduaires provenant d'une fabrique de sucre entrâine une augmentation immédiate du nombre desVibrio anguillarum dans l'eau et les sédiments. Toutefois, il n'y a pas de rapport simple entre la présence deVibrio anguillarum et la fréquence du syndrome d'ulcère. L'hétérogenéité des differentes souches de V. a. trouvées dans differents endroits exige une étude plus approfondie de la taxonomie et de la sérologie de ces souches. Virbio anguillarum (et autres Vibrios) pourraient être, à l'avenir, des paramètres importants dans les programmes de mesure de la pollution chez les recepteurs marins.
    Notes: Abstract One and a half-2 1/2 year old cold living in Danish coastal waters suffer from a specific ulcer syndrome, which occurs only in waters polluted with town sewage or effluents from sugar and cellulose plants. Although the etiology of the primary lesions is unknown (virus?, stress?), the development of ulcers depends upon a bacterial infection.Vibrio anguillarum was the most common bacterium involved in both local and generalized infections in these cod. The prevalence ofVibrio anguillarum was greater in polluted than in unpolluted areas, and the response to an outlet of wastewater from a sugar plant was an immediate increase in the number ofVibrio anguillarum in water and sediment. There was, however, no simple relationship between the prevalence ofVibrio anguillarum and the frequency of the ulcer syndrome. The observed heterogeneity among strains ofVibrio anguillarum from different localities requires a more intensive study of the taxonomy and serology of these strains. In the future the ulcer syndrome in cod and the prevalence ofVibrio anguillarum (and other Vibrios) might be important measurements in programmes for monitoring marine pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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