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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Immunoelectron microscopy ; Dystrophin ; β-Dystroglycan ; Adhalin ; Skeletal myofiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dystrophin is the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene product and is a membrane cytoskeletal protein present in the network of the plasma membrane undercoat. Adhalin (50 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) and β-dystroglycan (43 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) are the transmembrane components of the normal muscle plasma membrane, and β-dystroglycan has been demonstrated to bind dystrophin at the inside surface of normal muscle plasma membrane. This investigation was undertaken to test whether the epitopes of dystrophin, β-dystroglycan and adhalin are closely associated with each other by using triple immunogold labelling electron microscopy on normal human skeletal myofibers. Although closely associated signals of triplet immunogold particles were observed, there were less numerous than expected. However, closely associated signals of two epitopes of dystrophin and β-dystroglycan, dystrophin and adhalin, or adhalin and β-dystroglycan were frequently observed. These ultrastructural findings are consistent with biochemical evidence implying that dystrophin, β-dystroglycan and adhalin are closely associated with each other at the normal muscle plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key wordsα1-syntrophin ; Neuronal nitric oxide ; synthase ; Dystrophin ; Ultrastructural localization ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the ultrastructural localization of α1-syntrophin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in normal human skeletal myofibers and analyzed their relation to each other and to dystrophin using single and double immunogold-labeling electron microscopy. Single immunolabeling showed antibodies to α1-syntrophin and nNOS on the inner surface of the muscle plasma membrane, the sarcoplasmic side of plasma membrane invaginations, and the sarcoplasm near mitochondria of subsarcolemmal areas. The epitopes of α1-syntrophin and nNOS tended to be present in clusters. Double immunolabeling revealed that epitope combinations of α1-syntrophin-dystrophin, α1-syntrophin-nNOS, and nNOS-dystrophin occurred more frequently in doublet form than did other epitope combinations, such as α1-syntrophin-β-spectrin and nNOS-β-spectrin. These increased frequencies were noted both at the muscle plasma membrane undercoat and near mitochondria of subsarcolemmal areas. A significantly higher percentage of doublets comprised antibodies against α1-syntrophin and dystrophin (28.5 ± 1.5%, group mean ± SE) than those against α1-syntrophin and β-spectrin (9.2 ± 0.8%, P 〈 0.01). Furthermore, nNOS formed doublets significantly more frequently with dystrophin (25.2 ± 3.3%) and α1-syntrophin (26.0 ± 4.1%) than with β-spectrin (13.9 ± 2.3%; P 〈 0.05). These data support the association of dystrophin, α1-syntrophin, and nNOS at the inner surface of the muscle plasma membrane and near mitochondria of subsarcolemmal areas of normal human skeletal myofibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Size and localization of dystrophin ; Relation to actin filament ; Skeletal myofibers ; Freezeetched replica ; Double immuno-labelling electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure and mode of existence of the dystrophin molecule and its relations to actin filaments were examined in murine skeletal myofibers. Electron microscopy of freeze-etched replicas of goldlabelled dystrophin molecules in quick-freeze, deepetch, rotary-shadow preparations revealed rod-like structures 108.2±16.3 nm long and 3.1±1.5 nm thick. Some dystrophin molecules appeared to link their ends to form anastomosing networks; others were separate from each other. The dystrophin molecules were parallel or nearly parallel to the inner surface of the muscle plasma membrane. Double immuno-labelling transmission electron microscopy using N- and C-terminal dystrophin antibodies showed that the group mean distances of the N- and C-terminal signals from the muscle plasma membrane were 52.7±8.1 nm and 45.9±11.3 nm, respectively, which were not significantly different. Histograms of the distribution of the N- and C-terminal distances from the muscle plasma membrane had similar patterns with peaks 10∼20 nm from the membrane. This was consistent with the findings of the mode of existence of dystrophin molecules seen in freeze-etched replicas. Finally, the dystrophin molecules were linked with the most peripheral sarcoplasmic actin like filaments, end to side as well as end to end.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Merosin ; Skeletal muscle ; Basal lamina ; Ultrastructural localization ; Freeze etch electron ; microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Merosin is a basement-membrane-associated protein found in striated muscle, peripheral nerve and placenta, the deficiency of which causes the muscle wasting condition in C57BL/6J-dy/dy, so-called dy/dy mouse. Moreover, merosin is the binding protein of 156 kDa α-dystroglycan which binds dystrophin by way of 43 kDa β-dystroglycan. Therefore, merosin is an important component of the basal lamina of normal skeletal myofibers. We investigated the ultrastructural localization of merosin antibody in normal human skeletal myofibers by using immunogold electron microscopy and freeze etch electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the basal lamina showed the presence of the lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The lamina lucida appeared electron translucent with the exception of fuzzy fibrils. The immunogold electron microscopy disclosed that the merosin was present at the innermost layer (lamina lucida) of the basal lamina of normal human skeletal myofibers. With freeze etch replica electron microscopy, short cross-bridge fine fibrils were noted in the lamina lucida, connecting the basal lamina to the outer leaflet of the muscle plasma membrane. They measured 3–13 nm in diameter, 20–90 nm in length and were distributed with a spacing of 30–40 nm. The immunogold particles showing the presence of the merosin epitope were associated with these connecting structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ultrastructural localization ; α- ; β- ; γ-Sarcoglycan ; Dystrophin ; β-Dystroglycan ; Skeletal myofiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural localization of α-, β- and γ-sarcoglycan and their mutual relation, and their relation to dystrophin, β-dystroglycan and β-spectrin were investigated in normal skeletal myofibers. Single-immunogold labeling electron microscopy showed that the signals of rabbit and sheep polyclonal antibodies against the synthetic peptide of the cytoplasmic domain of α-, β or γ-sarcoglycan were present along the inside surface of muscle plasma membrane and at the sarcoplasmic side of plasma membrane invaginations and vesicular structures in subsarcolemmal areas. These localizations were similar to that of dystrophin, β-dystroglycan and β-spectrin. Double-immunogold labeling disclosed the close association of α-, β- and γ-sarcoglycan each other and α-, β-, γ-sarcoglycan with dystrophin or β-dystroglycan, and this was confirmed by statistical analysis. Monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of α-sarcoglycan was used with above-mentioned polyclonal anti-β- and -γ-sarcoglycan antibodies for triple-immunogold labeling, in which signals of α-sarcoglycan localized at the outer surface of muscle plasmalemma and those of β- and γ-sarcoglycans were present at the inside surface of plasma membrane. The triple immunolabeling showed an occasional closely associated presence of the three signals for α-, β- and γ-sarcoglycans, and a more frequent association for two signals out of α-, β- and γ-sarcoglycans. This study demonstrated that α-, β- and γ-sarcoglycan are closely located to one another and to dystrophin and β-dystroglycan at the muscle plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Myofiber degeneration and regeneration ; Muscle plasma membrane undercoat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Muscle plasma membrane undercoats were investigated by conventional electron microscopy in both Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). The densities of the plasma membrane undercoats were rarefied in the parts of the plasma membranes overlying the degenerating focus in both DMD and FCMD myofibers. The degree of rarefaction tended to be parallel to the degree of degeneration in the myofibers. It was hard to distinguish the undercoat densities of normal-looking myofibers of DMD and FCMD muscles from those of control myofibers from histochemically-normal muscles. On the other hand, the undercoats of regenerating myofibers in DMD and FCMD muscles were denser than normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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