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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human β-defensins-1 and -2 peptides in unresolved chronic periodontitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Human β-defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides which contribute to host innate immunity by disrupting the membrane integrity of a broad spectrum of microorganisms.Objectives:  This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of hBD-1 and -2 peptides in gingiva and to assess the possible relations of these antimicrobial peptides with periodontal health and disease.Methods:  Seven periodontally healthy subjects and 22 patients with unresolved chronic periodontitis were recruited and the gingival biopsies collected consisted of healthy tissues from the healthy subjects (HT-C); periodontal pocket tissues (PoT) and inflamed connective tissues (ICT) from the base of pocket, i.e. granulation tissues, as well as clinically healthy tissues (HT-P) from the adjacent clinically healthy sites from the patients. The expression of hBD-1 and -2 peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed with a computerized image processing system.Results:  Both hBD-1 and -2 peptides were detected in all periodontally healthy subjects, while hBD-1 was detected in all patients and hBD-2 was found in most of the patients. Their expression was mainly confined to the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelium, in which hBD-1 was detected in both intercellular spaces and cytoplasm, whereas hBD-2 was mainly observed in the cytoplasm. HT-C expressed significantly higher levels of hBD-2 than HT-P (p 〈 0.05). Within the patients, both defensins were up-regulated significantly in PoT as compared with the adjacent HT-P (p 〈 0.05).Conclusions:  The present study showed that hBD-1 and -2 were frequently expressed in the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelia and their expression may be associated with periodontal health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00727.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human β-defensin-3 in gingival epithelia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 40 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of the newly discovered human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) in human gingiva.Background:  Human β-defensins (hBDs) are a group of small, broad-spectrum, cationic antimicrobial peptides. Our recent study showed that the expression levels of hBD-1 and 2 peptides were associated with periodontal conditions.Methods:  A total of 49 gingival biopsies were collected, including 33 samples from 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and 16 samples from 16 periodontally healthy subjects. The expression of hBD-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Double staining was undertaken to identify hBD-3 peptide-positive cells, using CD-1a and cytokeratin 20 as markers for Langerhans cells and Merkel cells, respectively.Results:  hBD-3 peptide was detected in 88% of the samples, which was confined to the gingival epithelia. In healthy control subjects, hBD-3 peptide was more frequently detected in the basal layer as compared to the patients (53% vs. 18%, p 〈 0.05). In patients, hBD-3 expression extended from the basal layer to the spinous layers (82%), in which hBD-3 was confined to the basal and deep spinous layers in clinically healthy tissues from patients, whereas it extended to the superficial spinous layers in pocket tissues from patients (0% vs. 50%, p 〈 0.05). In both groups, hBD-3 peptide was expressed not only in gingival keratinocytes, but also in Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. hBD-3 transcripts were detected in 90% of the samples and they were confined to the basal and/or suprabasal layers of gingival epithelia.Conclusions:  This study shows that hBD-3 is frequently expressed in gingival epithelia. The appropriate expression of hBD-3 peptide may contribute to the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis, possibly through its antimicrobial effect and promotion of adaptive immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00827.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein down-regulates the expression of interleukin-6 by human gingival fibroblast (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 40 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) participates in the interaction of lipopolysacchaide (LPS) with CD14 to modulate the expression of cytokines. Human gingival fibroblast may actively participate in LPS-induced immuno-inflammatory responses through CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily, MD-2 and related adaptive proteins, leading to the expression of cytokines.Objectives:  The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the possible effect of LBP and E. coli LPS interaction on the expression of cellular LPS receptors and IL-6 by human gingival fibroblast.Methods:  The mRNA expression of CD14, LBP, TLR-2, TLR-4, MD-2 and IL-6 in human gingival fibroblast explants was detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) in the presence or absence of E. coli LPS and recombinant human LBP (rhLBP), while IL-6 peptides were analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results:  Human gingival fibroblast could constitutively express CD14, MD-2 and IL-6 mRNAs, but not TLR-2, TLR-4 and LBP mRNAs. E. coli LPS induced the messages expression of MD-2, TLR-2 and −4. The expression of both IL-6 message and peptide was up-regulated by E. coli LPS in a dose dependent manner. Whereas rhLBP could significantly down-regulate the expression of both mRNAs and peptides of CD14 and IL-6 but not MD-2 signals in the presence or absence of E. coli LPS. The up-regulated expression of TLR-2 and −4 by E. coli LPS no longer existed in the presence of rhLBP.Conclusions:  This study suggests that LBP may down-regulate the expression of IL-6 by human gingival fibroblast. Further studies are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of LBP in regulation of cytokine expression by host cells and to elaborate the relevant clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00822.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter polymorphism with generalized aggressive periodontitis in a Chinese population (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 40 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of −1607 bp of the human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene has been found to be associated with an increased risk of various inflammatory diseases and cancer metastasis.Objectives:  The present study aimed to examine the distribution of MMP-1 genotypes in a group of Chinese subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis and a group of periodontally healthy subjects, and to evaluate the possible association of the MMP-1 promoter polymorphism with aggressive periodontitis.Methods:  Genomic DNA was obtained from whole blood samples in 40 Chinese subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis and 52 periodontally healthy subjects as controls. MMP-1 promoter fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the polymorphisms were analyzed by restriction endonuclease cleavage. The alleles were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized with ethidium bromide.Results:  The detection frequency of 2G allele was significantly higher in the subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (68.7%) than in the control subjects (49%) (p 〈 0.01). The genotype of 2G/2G was found in 52.5% of the patients, which was significantly greater than that of control subjects (23.1%) (p 〈 0.05).Conclusion:  The present study suggests that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MMP-1 promoter region of −1607 bp may be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis in Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00806.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in human gingival tissues (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) functions as a crucial molecule in innate host defense responses to bacterial challenge through neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and activation of cellular responses.Objectives:  This study was to investigate the expression profile and levels of LBP in gingival tissues and their associations with periodontal health and disease.Methods:  Gingival biopsies were collected from 44 chronic periodontitis patients, including periodontal pocket tissues (PoTs) and the adjacent healthy gingival tissues (HT-Ps), as well as from 15 periodontally healthy subjects as controls (HT-Cs). The peptide and mRNA of LBP were detected by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively.Results:  LBP peptide was detected in 90.9% of PoTs (20/22), 84.6% of HT-Ps (11/13) and all HT-Cs (7/7). The expression of LBP was mainly confined to the cytoplasm of granular and keratinized layers of gingival epithelium, spreading from the oral sulcular epithelium to oral epithelium with the expression density decreasing gradually from coronal to apical portion. LBP peptide was also found on endothelial surfaces and/or inside the lumens of blood vessels in connective tissues. The mean LBP expression levels in HT-Cs were significantly higher than those in HT-Ps and PoTs. LBP mRNA was detected in 55% of PoTs (11/20), 55% of HT-Ps (11/20) and 75% of HT-Cs (6/8).Conclusions:  We for the first time found the expression of LBP peptide and mRNA in human gingival tissues. Local expression of LBP in gingival tissues might contribute to periodontal homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00732.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulocyte elastase activity in static and flow gingival crevicular fluid (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  This study aimed to evaluate the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and granulocyte elastase activity in static GCF (sGCF) and flow GCF (fGCF) from subjects with various periodontal conditions.Methods:  Eleven periodontally healthy, 10 gingivitis and 12 periodontitis subjects were recruited and the sites investigated consisted of healthy sites from healthy subjects (HH); healthy (HG) and gingivitis sites (GG) from gingivitis subjects; and healthy (HP), gingivitis (GP) and periodontitis sites (PP) from periodontitis subjects. fGCF samples were collected either 1 min or 5 min following sGCF collection by paper strip technique. GCF volume was determined by Periotron® 6000 and granulocyte elastase activity was assayed with a specific substrate [l-pyroglutamyl-l-prolyl-l-valine-p-nitroanilide(pGluProVal-pNA)].Results:  At baseline, no significant differences existed in clinical and GCF parameters between the two matched sites for subsequent collection of fGCF samples either 1 min or 5 min after sGCF sampling in all subjects. The flow exudate in HG and HP sites quickly replenished to sGCF levels, while a delayed replenishment was found in HH sites, despite the similar sGCF volumes of these sites. The GCF volume and elastase levels in the fGCF at 1 min were higher in GP sites than in GG sites (P 〈 0.05). Overall, depletion of elastase levels in the fGCF at 1 min was observed in all subjects, whereas elastase levels in the fGCF at 5 min had replenished to sGCF levels in HP, GP, PP sites and GG sites, but had remained at a lower level in HH and HG sites. An overall positive correlation was found between sGCF and fGCF for GCF volume and elastase activity (P 〈 0.001); however, this correlation varied with GCF parameters and with site conditions of the subjects concerned.Conclusions:  This study shows that patterns of dynamic changes in GCF flow and elastase activity varied under different periodontal conditions. Assessment of both sGCF and fGCF may allow better insight into the dynamic change of the target components in GCF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00606.x
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