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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen Alters Oxytocin mRNA Levels in the Preoptic Area (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 1 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Estrogen has numerous effects on immunoreactive levels of oxytocin (OXT) centrally, particularly in the preoptic lateral subcommissural nucleus (LSN). In this study in situ hybridization of a 38-base oligodeoxyribonucleotide (38mer) complementary to OXT mRNA revealed that estrogen treatment altered the pattern of OXT production in the rostral LSN and the more caudal anterior commissural nucleus. Rats were injected with 20 ng estradiol benzoate or sesame oil vehicle im 4 and 5 days after ovariectomy. On the sixth day all animals were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde and their brains sectioned to 10 μm thickness in a −10 °C cryostat. Coronal brain sections were taken from four parallel levels of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area. These sections were mounted and hybridized in situ to a [l125]-labeled 38mer for 16 h at 37 °C. Washed and dried slides were processed for autoradiography and analyzed with a light microscope. The effect of estrogen on OXT production differed between the rostral and caudal sections in both the LSN and periventricular (PeV) areas. Estrogen significantly increased OXT mRNA levels in LSN cells while decreasing hybridization in the anterior commissural nucleus cells. Changes in frequency patterns in the PeV paralleled those in the LSN with a significant drop of hybridization in the caudal PeV. Neurons hybridizing 38mer probe were also found in several other areas including the ventral medial preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the nucleus triangularis septi. OXT mRNA levels were affected by estrogen treatments and this effect differed between the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus. The sensitivity of LSN oxytocinergic cells to estrogen has implications for estrogen-sensitive OXT-enhanced reproductive behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00115.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen-binding Protein is Co-Expressed with Oxytocin in the Male Reproductive Tract (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Androgen-binding protein (ABP) and the posterior lobe hormone oxytocin (OT) were co-localized in male rat reproductive organs. Immunostaining of serial semi-thin sections revealed a high rate of coexistence of both antigens in Sertoli cells and in the epithelial cells of the prostate. There was a considerably less co-localization of OT and ABP in epithelial cells of the epididymis, and in the different tissues of the ductus deferens. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to a fragment of ABP mRNA showed specific staining in the same sites that were immunostained for ABP. ABP was isolated by affinity chromatography from homogenates of testis, epididymis, prostate and the content of the prostate lumen. Identical protein patterns could be shown with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in all samples except for the epididymis indicating that ABP structure is similar in all these tissues. ABP seems to be expressed in specified cells throughout the male rat reproductive tract. Most of these cells appear to be oxytocinergic. ABP and OT have previously been detected in the ejaculate. The observed epithelial cells are likely to be their source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00605.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labelled oligonucleotide probes (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A synthetic oligonucleotide probe, complementary to oxytocin m-RNA was labelled enzymatically with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU) and, with [γ-32P]-ATP. The labelled probes were used for in situ, hybridization of histological sections of the mouse hypothalamus. A monoclonal antibody to 5-BrdU and the streptavidine-peroxidase technique were used in order to visualize hybridization with the 5-BrdU labelled probe. In situ hybridization with [32P] labelling was detected autoradiographically. With both methods hybridized neurons were visible in the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei. While immunostaining and radio-labelling provided similar localization of oxytocin m-RNA, only the immunocytochemical technique showed clear cellular resolution of the reaction product. In situ hybridization with 5-BrdU labelled probes followed by 5-BrdU immunocytochemistry seems to be a powerful alternative to common autoradiographic techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization of semithin Epon sections with BrdU labelled oligonucleotide probes (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recently described a nonradioactive method for in situ hybridization with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelled oligonucleotide probes. An antibody to BrdU and immunocytochemistry were used in order to detect the hybridization signal. We have now applied this method to semithin Epon sections, in order to hybridize consecutive sections through single cells with different probes and to stain them with antibodies to neuropeptides. It could be shown that Epon embedding preserves mRNA well. In the present study we used a BrdU labelled synthetic oligonucleotide probe complementary to a fragment of the vasopressin precursor and an antibody to Arg-vasopressin. Vasopressin mRNA was demonstrable in a fraction of the vasopressin immunoreactive neurons in the magnocellular nuclei. In addition some of the magnocellular neurons showed either hybridization or vasopressin immunostaining only, perhaps indicating different stages of synthetic and secretory activity. The method described seems to be a valuable tool for studying synthetic activity in peptidergic neurons on a single cell level. The method might also have potential for in situ hybridization on the electronmicroscopical level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440186
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of oxytocin and tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat hypothalamus, an immunocytochemical study (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 94 (1993), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Oxytocin ; tyrosine hydroxylase ; hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical double labelling was used to determine the structural relationship of oxytocin (OT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing perikarya and processes in the rat hypothalamus. Extrahypothalamic TH fibers, as well as parvocellular TH neurons were found to form contacts with OT cells. A fraction of the OT neurons contained TH immunoreactivity. It is likely that in addition to the classical mesencephalic afferences also hypothalamic interneurons and magnocellular dopaminergic neurons control the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244983
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of BAX and BCL-2 in small intestine and kidney biopsies with different degrees of DNA fragmentation (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; p53 ; Ischemia ; Enterocytes ; Proliferation ; Differentiation ; ISEL ; Glomeruli ; Mouse (Balb/c) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Morphological changes associated with apoptosis are closely correlated with the expression of specific proteins. However, the cause-effect relationships between the expression of these proteins and DNA degradation are barely known. For studying expression of apoptosis-related proteins in relation to different degrees of DNA fragmentation, the small intestine with its spatially organized continuum of proliferation, differentiation and death is a very useful preparation. Enterocytes towards the apex of the villi become increasingly susceptible to apoptosis. Here, this ”apoptotic gradient” is used to demonstrate the presence of BAX and BCL-2 proteins in the cytoplasm of cells at the onset of apoptosis. In semithin serial sections of the small intestine, BAX, BCL-2 and DNA fragmentation were demonstrated. BAX and BCL-2 are always colocalized and only in cells with fragmented DNA. The gradient of BAX or BCL-2 staining is similar to the gradient of DNA fragmentation. Immunoreactivity for BCL-2 or BAX is most intense in cells that are prone to become apoptotic next in the course of cellular turnover but not in cells in an advanced apoptotic state, showing strongly condensed chromatin. When using the same technique on semithin sections of kidney biopsies, containing epithelia with low cellular turnover, we found DNA fragmentation mainly in the epithelial cells of the distal tubules. Similar to the situation in the enterocytes, BAX staining was confined to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells with a moderate degree of DNA fragmentation and reduced in epithelial cells with a high degree of DNA fragmentation. In contrast to the situation in the small intestine, very low levels of BCL-2 were found. The results suggest that expression of BCL-2 and BAX is related to cell damage as indicated by DNA fragmentation but not to advanced stages of cellular death, as indicated by chromatin condensation and cellular shrinkage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051295
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in immunostaining for oxytocin in the forebrain of the female rat during late pregnancy, parturition and early lactation (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oxytocin ; Hypothalamus ; Pregnancy ; Parturition ; Lactation ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serial brain sections of female rats at late pregnancy, parturition or early lactation were immunostained for oxytocin. Immunoreactive perikarya were visible in the magnocellular nuclei in all experimental animals as well as in ovariectomized, nulliparous controls. During late pregnancy and at parturition additional immunostaining appeared in groups of perivascular neurons in the preoptic region, the lateral subcommissural nucleus, the perifornical region and scattered throughout the ventral portion of the hypothalamus. Immunostaining of almost all of these perivascular neurons disappeared by day two postpartum, while another population of oxytocin neurons, without association with blood vessels, appeared in these brain regions after parturition. Immunostaining of processes from oxytocinergic neurons in the periventricular nucleus increased markedly near parturition. Many of these processes projected toward the third ventricle. Oxytocinergic neuronal systems that are activated in late pregnancy and early postpartum may contribute to several physiological changes associated with parturition and lactation including the onset of maternal behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218899
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating alters topography and content of oxytocin immunoreactivity in male mouse brain (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oxytocin ; Mating ; Oxytocinergic systems ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Functional activation ; Mouse (Holtzman CD, C. River)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sexual stimulation of males has been reported to affect hypothalamic oxytocinergic systems. In the present study we used radioimmunoassays of micro-dissected forebrain regions and immunocytochemical analysis of Vibratome sections to study the oxytocin systems of naive males, males killed after one mating, and males mated daily with different receptive females for 3 weeks. In males that had mated once, less oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON) and periventricular (NPE) nuclei than in naive males. However, after repeated matings, the number of immunoreactive neurons and their staining intensity was increased in these regions. Furthermore, additional oxytocinergic neurons could be found in the lateral subcommissural nucleus, the zona incerta and the ansa lenticularis of repeatedly mated males. Oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons were only occasionally seen in these areas in unmated males or in animals that had been killed after initial mating. Radio-immunoassays of microdissected PVN, SON, NPE and the lateral hypothalamus confirmed the reduction in oxytocin-immunoreactive levels after a first mating by a male and the increase after repeated matings. It is likely that oxytocin secretion into peripheral and portal circulation is stimulated by the endocrine conditions associated with initial mating. These immediate effects may be followed by the activation of synthesis in oxytocin neurons in several sites of the basal forebrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318196
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