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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical studies on phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, dopa-decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (1971)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 951-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung PNMT konnte mit Hilfe einer immunohistochemischen Fluoreszenzmethode ausschliesslich in bestimmten Markzellen der Nebenniere nachgewiesen werden. DDK wurde in Markzellen der Nebenniere, in peripheren und zentralen Katecholamin- und Serotoninneuronen gefunden. DBH kam in Markzellen der Nebenniere und nur in peripheren und zentralen Noradrenalinneuronen vor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02135767
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in the rat pituitary (1987)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The catecholamine-containing nerve fibers of the rat pituitary were studied by immunohistochemical demonstration of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Immunohistochemical demonstration of TH confirms earlier catecholamine fluorescence histochemical studies showing a fine network of varicose fibers in both the intermediate and the neural lobe, with the most dense aggregation of fibers at the border between the lobes. DBH-immunoreactive fibers were much less in number, and confined to the neural lobe, where both vascular and parenchymal fibers were seen. With the antibody to PNMT bright staining was seen in all the glandular cells of the intermediate lobe, while the neural lobe was negative. No immunoreactive structures were observed in the anterior lobe. Functionally the study confirms the presence of an extensive dopaminergic innervation of the neurointermediate lobe, giving an anatomical basis for the tonic inhibitory action of dopamine on the intermediate lobe cells and for recent observations attributing dopamine a local regulatory function also in the neural lobe. In addition to vascular noradrenaline-containing fibers as described earlier the study shows parenchymal DBH-immunoreactive fibers in the neural lobe, suggesting a local role for noradrenaline in this lobe. The nature of the cellular PNMT-immunoreactivity in the intermediate lobe remains to be established. The cellular localization of the PNMT-immunoreactivity was distinctly different than that of the α-MSH-immunoreactivity within the intermediate lobe cells and reserpine treatment did not affect the PNMT-immunoreactivity, although it induced a heterogenous depletion of α-MSH and related peptides. Cross-reaction of the PNMT-antibody with the known secretory products of these cells thus seems unlikely. Biochemical studies are needed in order to show whether an actual PNMT activity is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500617
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in paraganglia of aged Fischer-344 rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglia ; Aging ; Catecholamines ; Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were examined by immunohistochemistry in hypertrophied paraganglia of aged male Fischer-344 rats. All paraganglionic cells reacted with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Dopamine β-hydroxylase was identified in most paraganglionic cells, indicating that they synthesized norepinephrine. A variable number of paraganglia were positive for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which suggested that they synthesized epinephrine. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method demonstrated greenish-yellow fluorescence or yellowish-brown fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence was in the same range as in adrenal medullary cells. The observations indicate that paraganglia are capable of synthesizing epinephrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical colocalization of histamine, histidine decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine and tyrosine hydroxylase in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 19 (1987), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coexistence of histamine, histidine decarboxylase (the enzyme synthesizing histamine), 5-hydroxytryptamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis), was studied in the rat superior cervical ganglion with the indirect immunofluorescence method. Possible colocalization was examined by staining consecutive sections with two different antibodies, or alternatively in the same section by eluting the first antibody with a mild solution containing potassium permanganate and sulphuric acid, and by staining the same section with another antibody. It was shown that tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was found both in large principal nerve cells and in small cells, which on the basis of their size and high nucleus—cytoplasm ratio corresponded to small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. Histamine, histidine decarboxylase and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivities were observed only in SIF cells. Those SIF cells which were immunoreactive for histamine, histidine decarboxylase or 5-hydroxytryptamine also contained tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. On the other hand, all tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive SIF cells were also immunoreactive for histidine decarboxylase or 5-hydroxytryptamine. Some of the SIF cells, which were non-reactive for histamine, were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01680447
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoids stimulate transcription of the rat phenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT) genein vivo andin vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 12 (1992), S. 193-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: phenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT) ; adrenal medulla ; glucocorticoids ; transcriptional regulation ; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) ; adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) ; in situ hybridization ; nuclear run-on transcription assays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. PhenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT) is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones. This study investigates the ability of glucocorticoids to modulate transcription of the rat PNMT genein vivo andin vitro. 2. In the adrenal glands of hypophysectomized (HPX'd) rats, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates production of PNMT mRNA. Quantitative hybridization reveals that the levels of PNMT mRNA increase approximately threefold in total and poly(A)+ RNA after 4 days of DEX treatment of HPX'd rats, a level which is maximal for this treatment. 3. ACTH, the hormonal stimulus of glucocorticoid biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex, enhances PNMT mRNA production to levels comparable to that achieved with DEX in this system. The steroid responsiveness of PNMT message production is specific for glucocorticoids. DEX also increases PNMT mRNA in the brain stem, although the magnitude and speed of response are lower than observed in the adrenal gland. 4. Additional confirmation of the inductive ability of glucocorticoids is demonstrated by the increase in PNMT immunoprecipitated following translationin vitro of adrenal RNAs from DEX-treated rats. Furthermore, the PNMT mRNA signal obtained byin situ hybridization histochemistry in adrenal sections and in primary cultures of dispersed rat adrenal medullae reveals that DEX effects on PNMT mRNA can be elicited bothin vivo andin vitro. 5. Specifically, glucocorticoids exert their effects on expression of PNMT mRNA by elevating the rate of PNMT gene transcription: a 2.3-fold increase in PNMT transcription persists for 18 hr following DEX treatment of HPX'd rats. In summary, this study establishes that glucocorticoids directly and rapidly stimulate transcription of the rat PNMT gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712926
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid-induced pnmt-immunoreactive sympathetic cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cell ; Glucocorticoids ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques were used to study the effect of glucocorticoids on the development of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-immunoreactive cells in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of early postnatal rats. Rats were injected daily with hydrocortisone acetate on postnatal days 2 - 6. The first PNMT-immunoreactive cells were detected 6 hours after the first glucocorticoid injection and their number increased after subsequent injections. No PNMT-immunoreactive cells were detected in uninjected controls. PNMT-immunoreactive fibres were seen in the ganglion 6 hours after the first glucocorticoid injection. The PNMT-immunoreactive cells consistently showed processes 2 days after beginning the glucocorticoid treatment, and long processes and fibre networks were seen in ganglia of 7-day-old rats. However, no PNMT-immunoreactive fibres were seen in the iris, which is innervated by the SCG.Ultrastructurally, most of the PNMT-immunoreactive cells had the look of small granule-containing (SGC) cells, including heterochromatin clumps along the nuclear envelope and in the center of the nucleoplasm as well as dense core vesicles. SGC cells, nonimmunoreactive to PNMT antiserum, also were seen. However, some PNMT-immunoreactive cells showed ultrastructural characteristics of nerve cells. In contrast to the SGC cells, these cells were characterized by a voluminous cytoplasm, dispersed nuclear heterochromatin, and a lack of granular vesicles. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids induce PNMT immunoreactivity both in SGC cells and also in cells with characteristics of principal neurons.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120411
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