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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ozone depletion and increased ultraviolet-B radiation on northern vegetation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The stratospheric ozone layer has been depleted at high and mid-latitudes as a consequence of man's pollution of the atmosphere, and this results in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation at ground level. We investigate the effects of further radiation increases on plants and ecosystems by irradiating natural sub-Arctic and Arctic vegetation with artificial UV-B radiation in field experiments extending over several years. Our experimental sites are located at Abisko, in northern Sweden (68°N), and Adventdalen, on the island of Spitsbergen (78°N). Additional UV-B induced interspecific differences in plant response in terms of reduced (or, in one case, increased) growth, changed morphology and changed pigment content. In some cases effects seem to be accumulated from one year to another. Plant litter decomposition is retarded. We are also studying how UV-B enhancement may affect the interaction between species. In some experiments we combine UV-B enhancement with changes in other factors: carbon dioxide concentration, water availability, and temperature. In some cases the effect of radiation enhancement is modified, or even reversed, by such changes. Over a four year period we did not find any significant radiation induced change in species composition, but based on the effects on individual plant species, such changes can be expected to take place over a longer time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00311.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The profitability of investments in work life-oriented rehabilitation: A measurement of perceptions (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 26 (1997), S. 395-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Suggests that this study may be recognized as a contribution to the lack of economic evaluations of investments in health promotion programmes. Also contributes to the evaluation of the Swedish work life experiment in the beginning of the 1990s, and the establishment of the Swedish Work Life Fund (SWLF). States that perceptions of the profitability of investments in work life-oriented rehabilitation, including changes in work organization, changes in work methods and competence development, were investigated in 108 randomly selected organizations. The findings indicate that the investments, which were partly financed by grants from the SWLF, contributed to a reduction in sick-leave and an increase in productivity. The median value of the pay-back period was estimated to be 3.0 years. Public organizations, a considerable number of employees, a high percentage of women employees, a significant reduction in sick-leave and an ongoing organizational change, are some of the characteristics of investments with a short pay-back period. Concludes that the findings further indicate that grants from the SWLF were an important factor in the initial implementation of investments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489710176066
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sunrise in the knowledge economy: Managing, measuring and reporting intellectual capital (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 14 (2001), S. 365-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There are two aims of this introductory article: first, to draw attention to the gaps in the research literature; and second to stimulate further accounting and management research regarding intellectual capital by posing several possible research questions. Suggests that critical and social accounting academics have a vital role to play in making visible a number of important social issues that stem from understanding better the value of intellectual capital within both organisations and the wider social fabric. Also looks to possible new ways of accounting for intangibles within public and private sector organisations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005869
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current development in human resource costing and accounting: Reality present, researchers absent? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 11 (1998), S. 495-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Human resource costing and accounting (HRCA) is a complex and poorly understood process of accounting. The behavioural impact of HRCA, the many diverging internal forces of an organization, the increasing need of information from the capital market and action from organizations, such as the organization for the economic co-operation and development (OECD) and European commission (EC), are all part of this accounting change process. With Sweden as a starting point, forces stimulating and inhibiting the development of HRCA are discussed. The main conclusion is that the actual state of things (reality) provides more research opportunities today than in the 1970s. But where are the researchers?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513579810231501
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value-relevant information on corporate intangibles - creation, use, and barriers in capital markets - "between a rock and a hard place" (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of intellectual capital 4 (2003), S. 465-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-1930
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article reveals a need for greater understanding and use of corporate intellectual capital (IC) information within two connected capital market areas. Firstly with regard to the conceptualisation and valuation process these capital market agents (analysts and fund managers) conduct. Secondly, within the capital market agents' own value creation chain. The concept of the value creation chain is combined with an analysis of the barriers faced by capital market agents represented by fund managers and analysts. These barriers are proposed to comprise knowledge, uncertainty, ownership and management problems. In addition, cultural pressures within analyst and fund manager communities are viewed as contributors to information barriers. Such problems are exacerbated by additional market induced problems of severe time constraints and conflicts of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14691930310504518
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research and knowledge interaction: Guidelines for intellectual capital reporting (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of intellectual capital 4 (2003), S. 576-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-1930
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the differences and complementarities of the two guidelines for managing, measuring and reporting intellectual capital (IC) that has been developed by the Meritum research group and the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, respectively. IC is closely related to knowledge management and the guidelines describe how to identify a company's knowledge management strategy including the identification of its objectives, initiatives and results in the formation, application and development of the company's knowledge resources. The guidelines also show how to measure IC and communicate the strategy to the stakeholders. The paper outlines the common background for the guidelines, the content of the guidelines and concludes after a comparison with a discussion of the need for research in the area and improvement of future guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14691930310504572
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intangibles and the transparent enterprise: new strands of knowledge (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of intellectual capital 4 (2003), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-1930
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the new challenges that have been posed by the information society and the new demands posed on management. The term "knowledge-based economy" has become universal, the rules of business are being rewitten and the industrial era enterprise models are no longer adequate to meet the dynamic condition of a changing world market. Companies have become aware of the importance of managing the external communication since this issue is considered important for the company's ability to generate value. Various studies of investors and analysts' request for information indicate a substantial difference between the amount of information found in companies' annual reports and the type of information demanded by the market. The articles in this special edition of Journal of Intellectual Capital represent main current research activities into the area of intellectual capital (IC) in Europe and also Australia. The articles represent the wide scope of research that is being carried out in the expansive field of the measurement, analysis and management of IC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14691930310504491
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can guidelines for intellectual capital management and reporting be considered without addressing cultural differences? (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of intellectual capital 4 (2003), S. 528-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-1930
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of the present article is to put culture on the agenda when discussing and working with IC reporting and IC management. Differences between Spain and Sweden in the Meritum work are discussed in relation to the interest and experience of IC among firms; and the way the firms develop IC management and IC reporting. We propose that culture might affect the assumptions of knowledge as well as the creation and the adoption of new knowledge. Thereby culture may determine the emergence of IC management and reporting. However, there are no national cultural differences with respect to the development of IC management and reporting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14691930310504545
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why the concept of human resource costing and accounting does not work: A lesson from seven Swedish cases (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 28 (1999), S. 91-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite a promising outlook in the 1970s, it has been claimed that human resource costing and accounting have progressed at something less than snail's pace over the past two decades. This is largely due to difficulties in the application of the concept. In this article several extant studies regarding the application of HRCA are classified and exemplified. The idea is to increase our knowledge of how implementation of the concept could be achieved from a management control perspective. Most managers in the majority of studies hold very positive attitudes towards HRCA, but the integration of HRCA in the management control process has never been really attained. In seven Swedish case studies, the inhibiting factors in the implementation process of HRCA are compared. The lesson is that training, information, reward, target setting and cultural systems have to be worked actively to overcome inhibiting factors when trying to implement HRCA. Efforts should focus on: (1) knowledge of human resource costs, values and outcomes as well as how to calculate these; (2) top management demand as well as other elements in the reward system; (3) HRCA target setting; and (4) openness for change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489910249018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and pigment production in two subarctic grass species under four different UV-B irradiation levels (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The aim of the experiment was to test the sensitivity of grasses from a subarctic region to a range of different ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) levels. Seedlings of Calama-grostis lapponica and tillers of Calamagrostis purpurea were grown for 50 days in a greenhouse at 4 different levels of UV-BBE radiation (no UV-B, ambient UV-B, UV-B corresponding to 15 and 25% ozone depletion, respectively, at 68°N, northern Sweden on July 27th).In C. purpurea total plant dry weight was significantly reduced at the 15% level compared to all other treatments, whilst tiller number was reduced when compared to the non UV-B treatment only. Reduced growth at the 15% level was accompanied by significant increases in shoot to root ratio (S:R), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), which were due to changes in both specific leaf area (SLA) and root growth. Similarly, in C. lapponica there were reductions in total dry weight at the 15% level, although differences in partitioning were only observed in LWR which was significantly greater than in the non UV-B treatment.There was a difference in tiller number in C, lapponica between all treatments. A reduced number of tillers was observed with increasing UV-B exposure from zero UV-B to the 15% level, whilst tiller number was significantly higher at the 25% level than in all other treatments.In C, lapponica, differences were apparent in the amount of UV absorbing pigments. Plants exposed to ambient UV-B and the 15% level had significantly more UV-B absorbing compounds than those in the 25% and non UV-B treatments.All these results suggest that the 15% ozone depletion level was the most harmful to plant growth and few damaging effects were observed at the higher 25% ozone depletion level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00534.x
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