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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Methane is an important greenhouse gas and its atmospheric concentration has almost tripled since pre-industrial times. It plays a central role in atmospheric oxidation chemistry and affects stratospheric ozone and water vapour levels. Most of the methane from natural sources in Earth's ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 416 (2002), S. 279-279 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although fluorine in the form of fluoride minerals is the most abundant halogen in the Earth's crust, only 12 naturally occurring organofluorine compounds have so far been found, and how these are biosynthesized remains a mystery. Here we describe an enzymatic reaction that occurs in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 131 (2000), S. 673-685 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Asymmetric dihydroxylation; Chiral resolution; Dioxygenases; Enzymes; Isoprene.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary.  The bacterium Pseudomonas putida ML 2 was used in the oxidative biodegradation of the acyclic dienes isoprene, trans-piperylene, cis-piperylene, and 1,3-butadiene. Regioselective dioxygenase-catalyzed dihydroxylation of alkenes yielded vicinal diols in the preferred sequence monosubstituted 〉 cis-disubstituted 〉 gem-disubstituted 〉 trans-disubstituted. The isolated diol metabolites had an excess of the R configuration (9–97%ee), and further diol oxidation was controlled by addition of propylene glycol as an inhibitor. Stereoselectivity using the ML2 strain resulted from both enzymatic asymmetric alkene dihydroxylation and kinetic resolution of diols. Enantioselective oxidation of the allylic secondary alcohol group of R configuration yielded the corresponding unsaturated ketoalcohol; the residual diol was recovered with a large excess (≥ 93%ee) of the S configuration. In addition to the enzymatic diene oxidation steps yielding unsaturated diols and ketoalcohols, evidence was also found of enzymatic alkene hydrogenation to yield saturated ketoalcohols and diols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Head-space volatiles above embryogenicPicea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce) tissues cultured in glass Petri dishes sealed with Parafilm M or cling-film, were captured on Tenax adsorption traps and analysed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Each sealing system released a single major compound into the head-space; butylated hydroxytoluene from Parafilm M and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol from cling-film. After two weeks sealed under Parafilm M butylated hydroxytoluene accumulated to 1.1 μg g−1 FW in tissues and subsequent somatic embryo maturation was prevented. When butylated hydroxytoluene was supplied via the head-space (100 μg/250 ml flask) 0.5 μg g−1 FW accumulated in tissues after two weeks and no somatic embryo maturation occurred. Potentially phytotoxic metabolites of butylated hydroxytoluene included a substituted stilbenequinone, butylated hydroxytoluene quinone methide and butylated hydroxytoluene dimer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsDatura stramonium ; Tropane alkaloids ; Hyoscyamine ; Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The metabolic relationship between littorine and hyoscyamine has been monitored in transformed roots of Datura stramonium. Quantification by GC of unlabelled littorine and by GCMS of 13C-labelled littorine demonstrated that exogenously added littorine (0.1 mm) was significantly metabolised (35%) to hyoscyamine. In contrast, exogenously added hyoscyamine was not metabolised to littorine, indicating that this conversion is irreversible. The conversion of littorine to hyoscyamine was suppressed by P-450 oxidase inhibitors (particularly clotrimazole), implicating the involvement, at least in part of a cytochrome P-450 activity operating hyoscyamine biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 432-433 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Bladder — Injury — Laparoscopy — Ultrasonography — Manual examination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Catheterization of the bladder may reduce laparoscopic complications although an enlarged bladder may be impalpable in overweight patients or following previous lower abdominal surgery. Methods: This study assessed bladder size by manual examination and transcutaneous ultrasound (US). Consecutive patients (n= 90; median age 55 years [20–85]; 61 females) undergoing laparoscopy were studied prospectively. All patients voided preoperatively and catheterization was performed if estimated US bladder volumes exceeded 300 ml. Results: Manual assessment failed to detect bladder enlargement in any patients (sensitivity: 0%; specificity: 4.4%), whereas ultrasound identified four patients at risk of bladder injury due to unsuspected enlargement (4.4%). Three of these patients were either overweight or obese and one patient had previous lower abdominal surgery. Of 12 patients (13%) catheterized, three had or developed urinary tract infections. Conclusions: Preoperative voiding does not guarantee bladder emptying. Manual examination does not detect bladder enlargement reliably in the obese patient. Ultrasonography may improve patient selection for catheterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 432-433 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Bladder ; Injury ; Laparoscopy ; Ultrasonography ; Manual examination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Catheterization of the bladder may reduce laparoscopic complications although an enlarged bladder may be impalpable in overweight patients or following previous lower abdominal surgery. Methods: This study assessed bladder size by manual examination and transcutaneous ultrasound (US). Consecutive patients (n=90; median age 55 years [20–85]; 61 females) undergoing laparoscopy were studied prospectively. All patients voided preoperatively and catheterization was performed if estimated US bladder volumes exceeded 300 ml. Results: Manual assessment failed to detect bladder enlargement in any patients (sensitivity: 0%; specificity: 4.4%), whereas ultrasound identified four patients at risk of bladder injury due to unsuspected enlargement (4.4%). Three of these patients were either overweight or obese and one patient had previous lower abdominal surgery. Of 12 patients (13%) catheterized, three had or developed urinary tract infections. Conclusions: Preoperative voiding does not guarantee bladder emptying. Manual examination does not detect bladder enlargement reliably in the obese patient. Ultrasonography may improve patient selection for catheterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 8 (1994), S. 1176-1181 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Intraoperative ultrasound ; Biliary stones ; Bile ducts ; Ultrasound ; Intraoperative diagnostic procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique which may be useful in screening for choledocholithiasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Following concerns regarding the “learning curve” and accuracy associated with the adoption of this user-dependent technology, we have prospectively evaluated a commercially available 90° sector scanning laparoscopic ultrasound probe during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was performed in 60 patients and identified common duct stones in nine patients (one “false positive” and “one false negative”), and previously unsuspected duct stones were defined in three out of four patients. The gallbladder and portal vein were constantly defined anatomical landmarks throughout the study, whereas the suprapancreatic bile duct, intrapancreatic bile duct, and pancreatic duct were identified in 100%, 80%, and 85% of patients in the third consecutive group of 20 patients examined. Laparoscopic ultrasonography has the potential to accurately identify common duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and thereby implement a policy of “superselective” operative cholangiography. However, adequate training for surgeons unfamiliar with this technology is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Picea sitchensis ; somatic embryogenesis ; ethylene ; parafilm ; potassium permanganate ; adsorption agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The maturation of somatic embryos of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] was found to be highly dependent on the method used to seal plastic Petri dishes. Large numbers of well-formed mature embryos developed if dishes were sealed with PVC cling-film (CF) whilst sealing with Parafilm M (PF) greatly reduced the numbers of embryos forming. Inclusion of potassium permanganate oxidation traps, normally used to deplete the atmospheric ethylene, greatly stimulated somatic embryo maturation under PF sealing. Similarly, traps of adsorption agents (Tenax, activated charcoal or soft white paraffin), capable of removing volatiles from the culture vessel head-space, stimulated somatic embryo maturation under PF sealing although to a lesser extent than the oxidation traps. Incorporation of silver nitrate or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) in the culture medium indicated that ethylene was not the agent supressing somatic embryo maturation under PF sealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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