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Johnson, Betty M. ; Miao, Michael ; Sadun, Alfredo A.

Springer

Age 10 (1987), S. 5-9

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ISSN: 1574-4647

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Human intracranial optic nerves were morphometrically examined to determine whether retinal ganglion cell axon populations vary with age. A high-contrast lipid stain, paraphenylene-diamine (PPD), and a video image measurement system were employed to sufficiently resolve the optic nerve fiber image for measurement at 5600X magnification. Total axon population decreased with increasing age; mean axon diameter and optic nerve area did not demonstrate statistical changes when correlated with age. There was a qualitative (but not statistically significant) decrease in axon density with age. Marked individual variation was noted in all four features. No significant differences were seen between dorsal, ventral, temporal, and nasal quadrants for any of the four parameters. There was a similar lack of difference between the peripheral and central portions of the optic nerve. No significant intra-eye differences were noted, and no notable differences between sexes were noted for any of the four parameters. Diminution of axon population without selective loss of specific axon size classes suggests possible age-correlated losses of several visual functions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431765

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Ultrastructural and paraphenylene studies of degeneration in the primate visual system: Degenerative remnants persist for much longer than expected (1988)

Johnson, Betty M. ; Sadun, Alfredo A.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 8 (1988), S. 179-183

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ISSN: 0741-0581

Keywords: Axonal degeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Human ; Visual pathways ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: It is a widely held belief that the products of axonal degeneration in the CNS are transitory and are caused by metabolic and phagocytic processes. However, recent light microscopic examinations of human and primate brains using the paraphenylene diamine staining method (PPD), which stains degenerating axons, have confirmed that the products of degeneration persist for years in visual pathways. The routine utilization of the PPD method for delineating human visual pathways requires further confirmation of axonal degeneration. Optic nerves, optic tracts, and lateral geniculate nuclei were collected from human brains that had clinical documentation of optic nerve damage prior to death. Optic nerves, optic tracts, and lateral geniculate nuclei taken from the brains of cynomolgus monkeys that had undergone enucleation 3 months to 1 year prior to sacrifice were also examined. All tissue was processed for electron microscopy; ultrathin sections were cut for electron microscopy, and consecutive sections were cut for light microscopy.In all cases, the homology of the degenerated processes was confirmed between the light microscopic (PPD) and the electron microscopic sections. Such ultrastructural examination demonstrates that the products of axonal degeneration remain in the primate visual system longer than previously supposed.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.