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Colloid Mobilization in the Field Using Citrate to Remediate Chromium (2001)

Johnson, Carol R. ; Hellerich, Lucas A. ; Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Ground water 39 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1745-6584

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences

Notes: We investigated the feasibility of cleaning aquifer sediments, long contaminated with chromium (Cr) from a metal plating facility, by detaching colloid-sized sorbents from the immobile aquifer solids and then pumping those colloids to the surface for treatment. In laboratory experiments using aquifer solids from the site, several solutions (water at various pHs, phosphate, oxalate, ascorbate, citrate) were examined for their ability to disperse colloids and Cr. Based on these tests, a 5 mM citrate solution at pH 7 was selected. Subsequently, such a citrate solution was used in the field in two single-well injection-withdrawal experiments. Large quantities of colloids were released immediately after injection. The colloidal particles mobilized by citrate in the field had more than 20 times higher Cr concentrations than did the average aquifer sediments, implying success in mobilizing Cr-associated phases. Further, laboratory and field tests showed that anion exchange of citrate for chromate caused some additional release of Cr from these aquifer solids.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02477.x

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Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in four soils (1999)

Johnson, Carol R. ; Scow, Kate M.

Springer

Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 43-50

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Keywords: biodegradation ; nitrogen ; nutrients ; phenanthrene ; phosphorus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Phenanthrene mineralization rates were found to vary widely among four soils; differences in soil nutrient levels was one hypothesis to explain this variation. To test this hypothesis, phenanthrene mineralization rates were measured in these soils with, and without, added nitrogen and phosphorus. Mineralization rates either remained unchanged or were depressed by the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus. Phenanthrene degradation rates remained unchanged in the soil which had the highest indigenous levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and which showed the largest increase in phosphorus levels after nutrients were added. The soils in which degradation rates were depressed had lower initial phosphorus concentrations and showed much smaller or no measurable increase in phosphorus levels after nutrients were added to the soils. To understand the response of phenanthrene degradation rates to added nitrogen and phosphorus, it may be necessary to consider the bioavailability of added nutrients and nutrient induced changes in microbial metabolism and ecology.