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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Levels of Dopamine and Tyramine in the Rat Caudate Nucleus Following Alterations of Impulse Flow in the Nigrostriatal Pathway (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 40 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Following electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra for 1 h there was a substantial increase in dopamine (DA) turnover in the rat caudate nucleus evidenced by an increase in its acid metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA). Concurrently there was an increase in striatal m-tyramine (mTA) and a substantial decrease in p-tyramine (pTA). Lesioning the substantia nigra to decrease impulse flow resulted in a buildup of striatal DA and mTA, but again a decrease in pTA. Following pre-treatment with a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, the effects of stimulation of the nigra on mTA were reversed, there being a significant decrease in this amine. The decrease of pTA in response was partially prevented by tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition. The effects of stimulation or substantia nigra lesions on pTA levels were reversed, however, by tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition, a significant increase in this amine being recorded. mTA and DA levels were largely unaffected by a combination of lesion and tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition. The results provide insight into the possible biosynthetic interrelationships between DA and the tyramine isomers in the rat caudate nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11295.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Mesencephalic Lesions on Tyramine and Dopamine in the Caudate Nucleus of the Rat (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 36 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The dopamine (DA)-containing nerve terminals in the caudate nucleus arise from cell bodies located in the substantia nigra (pars compacta), and it is possible that p-tyramine- and m-tyramine-containing neurons may also exist in this nucleus. We have studied the effects of unilateral electrolytic lesions of the pars compacta in rat on levels of DA, p-tyramine, m-tyramine, and homovanillic acid in the caudate nucleus after various survival times. At 12 and 24 h following lesioning the ipsilateral level of p-tyramine was significantly reduced compared with the contralateral side, whereas the concentrations of m-tyramine, DA, and homovanillic acid were significantly increased. Thus, in the short term, the lesion results in an increase in DA turnover, which is accompanied by an increase in m-tyramine levels and a decrease in p-tyramine levels. Similar changes occur following pharmacological treatments (chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, l-DOPA) that increase DA turnover. At survival times of 2, 11, and 25 days, the ipsilateral concentrations of m-tyramine, DA, and homovanillic acid were reduced along with p-tyramine. These longer-term alterations in amine levels are most likely a consequence of degeneration of nigro-striatal axons. Placement of a lesion 1 mm dorsal to the usual position centering on the pars compacta produced different biochemical changes from those seen after the pars compacta lesion. One day following this lesion the concentration of p-tyramine was slightly reduced; DA was unaffected, but the concentration of m-tyramine was profoundly increased, even more so than after the pars compacta lesion. This could indicate the existence of specific m-tyramine-containing cell bodies located dorsal to the substantia nigra. The results suggest that p- and m-tyramine in the caudate nucleus originate from neurons in or close to the substantia nigra. The results in the short term following the lesion support the observation that there is an inverse relationship between p-tyramine concentration and DA turnover in the caudate nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb10813.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atracurium infusions in patients with renal failure on an ITU (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An infusion of atracurium was used (after an initial bolus dose) in five patients with renal and respiratory failure, who were being subjected to intermittent positive pressure ventilation before renal dialysis. Neuro-muscular function was monitored by the train-of-four pattern of stimulation. In three patients, atracurium 0.6–0.7 mg/kg/hour completely abolished the twitch response; in the other two (both of whom were markedly oedematous) this did not occur, even with a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/hour. although satisfactory clinical control was obtained. In all patients. there was rapid spontaneous recovery when the infusion was stopped. One patient convulsed, but plasma laudanosine levels taken at this time were below the toxic range. Atracurium infusions appear to provide easily controllable neuromuscular blockade in the intensive therapy unit, although these preliminary results suggest that larger doses may be required in the oedematous patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13221.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of assessing arterial blood gas tensions, inspired oxygen therapy and shunts (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 26 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1971.tb04835.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Hepatic Biliary Secretion (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 41 (1979), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.41.030179.000435
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged paralysis following an infusion of alcuronium in a patient with renal dysfunction (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The case is described of a patient who underwent artificial ventilation in an intensive therapy unit and received an infusion of alcuronium 10 mg/hour for more than 4 days, in the presence of significant renal (and later, some degree of hepatic) impairment. Prolonged and profound neuromuscular block persisted despite haemodialysis (5 hours on each of 3 days) followed by 72 hours of continuous haemofiltration; it appeared to resolve only after plasma exchange (4 litres). The total period of persistent block, for 9 days after the infusion had been stopped, is thought to be the longest period ever reported after administration of alcuronium. Neuromuscular block was monitored throughout this period using the train-of-four twitch technique. The potentiating effects of concurrent aminoglycoside therapy and hepatic dysfunction on the degree of paralysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04045.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vecuronium infusions in patients with renal failure in an ITU (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of an infusion of vecuronium is described in seven patients with renal and respiratory failure in an intensive therapy unit. Neuromuscular function was monitored throughout using the train-of-four twitch technique. A bolus dose of vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) was given, followed immediately by a continuous infusion (0.05 mg/kg/hour). The infusion rate was adjusted until the first twitch of the train was helow 20% of control and then run at a constant rate.There was a marked variation in the dose of vecuronium administered (0.01—0.65 mg/kg/hour). Two patients, who appeared to be most sensitive to the drug, were both receiving metronidazole. Recovery of neuromuscular function was extremely prolongea and widely variable (6–37 hours) on stopping the infusion. No adverse cardiovascular effects or evidence of histamine release were seen as a result of administration of the drug. Vecuronium is probably more suitable for administration in bolus doses rather than by infusion in patients with renal and respiratory failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb03980.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atracurium in the myasthenic patient (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of the new competitive muscle relaxant, atracurium, is described in five myasthenic patients presenting for thymectomy. With an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg, that is approximately one-fifth of that normally used, and incremental doses of 0.02–0.04 mg/kg, satisfactory clinical conditions were achieved. Neuromuscular function was monitored throughout using the train-of-four mechanical twitch response, and residual neuromuscular blockade was reversed satisfactorily at the end of the procedure with neo-stigmine 5.0 mg. A marked increase in the magnitude of the first twitch of the train-of-four to greater than control levels, accompanied by pronounced fade. was found on reversal. In reduced dosage and with careful neuromuscular monitoring, atracurium is safe to use in the myasthenic patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08883.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthesia for Friedreich's ataxia (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A patient with Friedreich's ataxia was anaesthetised on two occasions. The neuromuscular blocking agent was atracurium 0.5 mg/kg on the first occasion and tubocurarine 0.5 mg/kg on the second. The effect of each was monitored using the train-ofifour twitch technique. Friedreich's ataxia has been reported to cause a marked sensitivity to non-depolarising muscle relaxants and hyperkalaemia, with resulting cardiac dysrhythmias after suxamethonium. This patient did not demonstrate an abnormal response to either relaxant; the operating conditions were satisfactory and recovery was not delayed. These drugs may be safely used in this condition provided that monitoring is adequate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12792.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vecuronium in the myasthenic patient (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of vecuronium in six patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy is described; the train-of-four twitch technique was used to monitor neuromuscular function. The first two patients received an initial dose of 0.02 mg/kg and incremental doses of 4 μg/kg, which is in the order of one fifth of that normally used. Satisfactory depression of the first twitch of the train-of-four, however, was not obtained and, therefore, in the remaining four patients the doses were doubled. At this dose satisfactory depression of the first twitch was achieved. Neostigmine 5.0 mg produced adequate reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade and the train-of-four twitch response recovered to normal levels. With reduced dosage and with careful neuromuscular monitoring. vecuronium can be used safely in the myasthenic patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb11045.x
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