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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 6 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hostas native to Korea have never been carefully reviewed taxonomically and their patterns of variability are not well understood. For morphological and electrophoretic studies, samples of rootstocks were taken from 45 Korean Hosta populations and from two populations of H. tsushimensis N. Fujita on Tsushima Island, Japan. For morphometric analysis, ten plants from each of twenty populations were grown and observed under greenhouse conditions. Fifty-one floral and vegetative characters were examined on each plant and the data were analyzed using principal components and cluster analysis. Six Korean species can be recognized: H. yingeri S. B. Jones (Taehuksan, Sohuksan, and Hong islands); H. capitata (Koidz.) Nakai (southern Korea); H. clausa Nakai (central and northern Korea); H. minor (Baker) Nakai (southeastern Korea including Wan and Kojae islands); H. venusta F. Maekawa (Cheju Island); and H. jonesii M. Chung (southern islands). Morphological features contributing to recognition of the natural groups were: ridges on the scape; the width of inner and outer floral lobes; bracts pappillous at apex; length and color of the bracts; length of inflorescences; the withering condition of the bracts; scabrous nerves on the lower leaf surface; and size of the leaves. Isozyme analyses indicate a recent origin of H. venusta from H. minor. Although hostas are easily hybridized, natural hybridization seems to be rare in Korea. The morphological and isozyme studies identified no hybrids and the species are well characterized by their distribution patterns, phenology, and habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sesquiterpene lactone glaucolide-A from Vernonia, incorporated in the rearing diets of five species of Lepidoptera, significantly reduced the rate of growth of larvae of the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania; fall armyworm, S. frugiperda; and yellowstriped armyworm, S. ornithogalli. Quantitative feeding tests demonstrated that decreased feeding levels and reduced growth resulted from ingestion of a sesquiterpene lactone. Ingestion of glaucolide-A increased the number of days to pupation in four of the species. In the southern armyworm, it significantly reduced pupal weight. Glaucolide-A decidedly reduced percentage of survival of southern and fall armyworms. Yellow woollybear, Diacrisia virginica, and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, larvae were essentially uneffected by the ingestion of the sesquiterpene lactone. Sesquiterpene lactones adversely affect growth rate and survival of certain insects that feed upon plants containing them. They apparently function as defensive products, screening out a portion of the potential herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 128 (1977), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Compositae ; Vernonieae ; Vernonia ; Lepidoptera ; Insect resistance ; antifeedant ; sesquiterpene lactones ; glaucolide-A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A field insect feeding experiment was conducted with two species ofVernonia which produce the sesquiterpene lactone glaucolide-A, one species which does not contain this bitter compound, and two F1 hybrid combinations. Also, naturalVernonia populations were observed over a two year period for their degree of herbivory. Contrary to the pattern observed in laboratory feeding preference tests,Vernonia flaccidifolia, the species lacking sesquiterpene lactones, was consistently fed upon less by insects than wereV. gigantea andV. glauca. Even though glaucolide-A appears to adequately protect some Vernonias against herbivores, especially mammals,Vernonia flaccidifolia has lost this compound. ApparentlyV. flaccidifolia has evolved an alternative defensive mechanism which is more effective against insects but less effective against mammalian herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vernocistifolides and Other Sesquiterpene Lactones from Vernonia and Related SpeciesThe investigation of the aerial parts of 17 Vernonia, one Struchium, one Muschleria, one Centratherum, and one Gongrothamnus species afforded in addition to known sesquiterpene lactones 37 new ones: 13 vernocistifolides (1-13), the related triacetate 14, the enollactone 15, the glaucolides 16, 19, 29-33, 35, and 36, two representatives of a new type of dilactones (27 and 28), the elemanolides 37, 43, and 44, the germacranolides 38, 39, 42, 47, and 48, the eudesmanolides 40 and 41 as well as the centratherin derivative 51. The structures and the stereochemistry were elucidated by high-field NMR techniques. The chemotaxonomy and the biogenetic relationships are discussed briefly.
    Notes: Die Untersuchung der oberirdischen Teile von 17 Vernonia-Arten, einer Struchium-, einer Muschleria-, einer Centratherum- und einer Gongrothamnus-Art liefert, neben bekannten, 37 neue Sesquiterpenlactone: 13 Vernocistifolide (1-13), das verwandte Triacetat 14 und das Enollacton 15, die Glaucolide 16, 19, 29-33, 35 und 36, zwei Vertreter eines neuen Dilacton-Typs (27 und 28), die Elemanolide 37, 43 und 44, die Germacranolide 38, 39, 42, 47 und 48, die Eudesmanolide 40 und 41 sowie das Centratherin-Derivat 51. Die Strukturen und die Stereochemie werden durch Hochfeld-NMR-Techniken geklärt. Die Chemotaxonomie und die biogenetischen Beziehungen werden kurz diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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