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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interacting elevated CO2 and tropospheric O3 predisposes aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to infection by rust (Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We investigated the interaction of elevated CO2 and/or (Ozone) O3 on the occurrence and severity of aspen leaf rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem. f. sp. tremuloidae) on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Furthermore, we examined the role of changes in leaf surface properties induced by elevated CO2 and/or O3 in this host–pathogen interaction. Three- to five-fold increases in levels of rust infection index were found in 2 consecutive years following growing-season-long exposures with either O3 alone or CO2 + O3 depending on aspen clone. Examination of leaf surface properties (wax appearance, wax amount, wax chemical composition, leaf surface and wettability) suggested significant effects by O3 and CO2 + O3. We conclude that elevated O3 is altering aspen leaf surfaces in such a way that it is likely predisposing the plants to increased infection by aspen leaf rust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00479.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women and work-home conflict: a dual paradigm approach (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Health education 102 (2002), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-4283
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Work-home conflict of women in a multinational computer organisation was examined in two phases using quantitative and qualitative methods. In Phase 1 a questionnaire was sent to all directly employed females (n = 204), who were also invited to participate in Phase 2, a one-hour on-site focus group. A total of 31 women contributed to four focus groups. In line with previous research, Phase 1 identified the dominant construct to be work interfering with home. Almost one in ten women scored in the highest quartile of possible scores (24 to 30) for work-to-home conflict. In Phase 2, issues such as lack of time and lack of social support, family, careers and guilt were discussed in depth. Central to the development of conflict was commitment to both domains. The different meanings women attached to "work" and "home" added to the complexity of these issues. In contrast with past studies, part-time working status was found to contribute to conflict and intensified the feelings of "juggling", as did being single. Poor physical and psychological health was a common outcome. A minority of participants experienced positive work-home "spill-over". Witnessing that other women accepted and acknowledged the negative effects of the stressors was thought to be a first step to resolving them. The dual approach adopted facilitated a greater understanding of the concept of work-home conflict that health professionals may use both to develop and to deliver effective interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280210444128
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How solution focused support helps women through work-home conflict (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Health education 104 (2004), S. 132-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-4283
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While work-home conflict has well-established negative outcomes, few studies explore how this might be resolved. This study explored the delivery and outcomes of a three-session workplace intervention delivered by a non-specialist counsellor to women with high work-home conflict, using solution-focused therapy (SFT). Transcripts from the counselling sessions provided the key data for the study. Participants had unique combinations of conflict, and unique levels of self-assessed success in developing and sticking to their solutions. These perspectives are spillover (home or work affect each other), segmenting (demands are ring-fenced in one domain) and compensation (demands in one domain are balanced with contributions to the other). Although the specific solutions generated may not be new to "outsiders", they were to these women, and were unlikely to have been undertaken without the intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280410534531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self directed learning and student selected goals in nurse education (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 6 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper is a consideration of the philosophy of, and research into, general education. It examines some of the approaches to education and a small part of the research into discovery learning, self-directed study and student-selected goals of learning. Proposals are made for a single module of nurse training for admission to the register of general nurses which incorporate the philosophy and research-based ideals of self-directed learning. Finally, problems which may be anticipated in its implementation are discussed but no firm conclusions are drawn until these can be based on fact rather than conjecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1981.tb03096.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of T-cell receptor V β deletion mutant mouse strain AU/ssJ (H-2 q ) which is resistant to collagen-induced arthritis (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 29 (1989), S. 180-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our laboratory is involved in investigating the role of T-cell receptor (Tcr) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). During these studies we found AU/ssJ (H-2 q ) mice to be resistant to CIA like SWR (H-2 q ), as compared with other H-2 q strains with wild-type Tcr like DBA/1 and B 10. Q. Upon screening with monoclonal antibodies F23.1 and KJ23a, AU/ssJ was found to be F23.1 negative (V β 8 Tcr negative) and KJ23a positive (V β 17a Tcr positive). Southern blot analysis on liver DNA using specific Tcr-V β probes confirmed the deletion of V β 8 gene family and also showed that AU/ssJ mice have deletions of V β 9, V β 13, V β 12, and V β 11 genes of Tcr. Further, these mice show a restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern with V β 10, V β 6, and V β 17 probes similar to SWR mice as compared with 1310 mice. Since SWR and AU/ssJ are from different backgrounds, these studies indicate that specific variable region β chain genes of Tcr are crucial for susceptibility to CIA in mice. Furthermore, these studies identify an additional inbred strain which has also deleted 50% of its Tcr-V β genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373643
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Two Recomhinant Human Interferon Beta-la (IFNβ-la) Products Administered Intramuscularly in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 546-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: Avonex™ ; Rebif® ; interferon-beta-la ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012128406432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Antifungal Agents. Part 25. 1-[(3,5-Bisaryl-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazoles (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 1622-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of 1-[(3,5-bisaryl-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazoles 6 and 7 (i.e. 8-19) are discussed. The preparation of 8-19 was straightforward and highlighted by a regiospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α-substituted (E)-ketonitrones 4 with appropriate atyrene derivatives 5 that led to a cis/trans-diastereoisomeric mixture of the corresponding triazoles (Scheme). The title compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity in solid agar cultures against a broad array of yeast and systemic mycoses and dermatophytes. The in vivo activity was determined in an immune-compromised mouse model of systemic candidiasis. While the in vitro activity was evident throughout the series, it was moderate in potency. However, some of the triazole derivatives demonstrated a potent in vivo activity comparable to that of the standard drug ketoconazole. Analogue 12 (PR 988-399) emerged as the best overall compound demonstrating potent antifungal activity in both in vitro and in vivo assays.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710706
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and Functional Differences Between Glycosylated and Non-glycosylated Forms of Human Interferon-β (IFN-β) (1998)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 15 (1998), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: interferon-β ; AVONEX® ; Betaseron® ; glycosylation ; aggregation ; activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Two recombinant IFN-β products have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a glycosylated form with the predicted natural amino acid sequence (IFN-β-la) and a non-glycosylated form that has a Met-1 deletion and a Cys-17 to Ser mutation (IFN-β-lb). The structural basis for activity differences between IFN-β-la and IFN-β-lb, is determined. Methods. In vitro antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory assays were used to directly compare the two IFN-β products. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), SDS-PAGE, thermal denaturation, and X-ray crystallography were used to examine structural differences. Results. IFN-β- la was 10 times more active than IFN-β- Ib with specific activities in a standard antiviral assay of 20 × 107 lU/mg for IFN-β-la and 2 × 107 lU/mg for IFN-β-lb. Of the known structural differences between IFN-β-la and IFN-β-lb, only glycosylation affected in vitro activity. Deglycosylation of IFN-β-la produced a decrease in total activity that was primarily caused by the formation of an insoluble disulfide-linked IFN precipitate. Deglycosylation also resulted in an increased sensitivity to thermal denaturation. SEC data for IFN-β-lb revealed large, soluble aggregates that had reduced antiviral activity (approximated at 0.7 × 107 lU/mg). Crystallographic data for IFN-β-la revealed that the glycan formed H-bonds with the peptide backbone and shielded an uncharged surface from solvent exposure. Conclusions. Together these results suggest that the greater biological activity of IFN-β-la is due to a stabilizing effect of the carbohydrate on structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011974512425
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