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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do insects feel pain? — A biological view (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 164-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963580
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Australian frozen vaccines for the control of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle—A review (1990)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 22 (1990), S. 44-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02243499
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence ofBabesia bovis andAnaplasma marginale at selected localities in Sri Lanka (1992)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 24 (1992), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des sérums one été sur un minimum de 20 bovins âgés de 9 à 36 mois pour chacune des 14 localités de 5 zones climatiques du Sri Lanka. Les sérums ont été testés pour la recherche des anticorps deBabesia bovis etAnaplasma respectivement, par fluorescence indirecte et test d'agglutination sur carte. Les anticorps àB. bovis et àAnaplasma ont été détectés respectivement dans 14 et 12 localités. En général, la prévalence était constamment plus élevée dans les localités au-dessous de 1200m et plus basse et plus variable dans les zones de collines. Les méthodes d'élevage, plus que le climat, sont considérées comme le facteur influançant le plus les prévalences. La gestion des troupeaux et la relation avec le risque d'apparition d'un foyer sont discutées.
    Abstract: Resumen Se colectó suero de un minimo de 20 bovinos, en edades comprendidas entre 9–36 meses, en cada una de 14 localidades en 5 zonas climáticas de Sri Lanka. El suero fue examinado para detectar anticuerpos contraB. bovis yAnaplasma mediante la prueba indirecta de anticuerpos fluorescentes y la prueba de la tarjeta, respectivamente. Se detectaron anticuerpos contraB. bovis yAnaplasma en todas las muestras examinadas en 14 y 12 localidades respectivamente. En general, las prevalencias fueron mayores por debajo de los 1200 m.s.n.m. y menores en zonas montañosas. Se consideraron las prácticas de manejo, más que el clima, como el factor principal que influenció las prevalencias. Se discute el manejo en relación con el riesgo de un brote de la enfermedad.
    Notes: Summary Sera were collected from a minimum of 20 cattle aged nine to 36 months at each of 14 localities in five climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Sera were tested for antibodies toBabesia bovis andAnaplasma by an indirect fluorescent antibody test and a card agglutination test, respectively. Antibodies toB. bovis andAnaplasma were detected in all samples tested from each of 14 and 12 localities respectively. In general, prevalences were consistently high among localities below 1,200m and lower and more variable in the hill country. Management practice rather than climate was considered to be the main factor influencing prevalences. Mangement is discussed in relation to the risk of disease outbreak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357227
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between Sri Lankan and Australian strains ofBabesia bovis in the vaccination of imported cattle in Sri Lanka (1989)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 21 (1989), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une souche sri-lankaise deBabesia bovis (dénommée souche A) a été isolée de larves de tiques puis préparée comme vaccin par passage à la seringue chez 20 veaux splénectomisés, suivi d'irradiation. On a utilisé la souche A, ainsi qu'une souche vaccinale deB. bovis apportée congelée d'Australie (dénommée souche K), pour vacciner 37 taureaux réceptifs importés d'Australie méridionale. Les températures rectales, les hématocrites, les parasitémies et les signes cliniques patents ont été consignés pendant les 3 seamines aprés la vaccination. Les résultats montrent que la souche A est légèrement plus pathogène que la souche K, mais cependant utilisable pour la vaccination de bovins bien surveillés.
    Abstract: Resumen Se aisló en Sri Lanka, una cepa deBabesia bovis (denominada cepa A), de larvas de garrapatas. Esta se preparó, para ser utilizada como vacuna, mediante el pasaje a través de 20 terneros esplenectomizados e irradiándola posteriormente. La cepa A y la cepa vacunal (cepa K) traída congelada de Australia, se utilizaron para inmunizar 37 toros susceptibles importados del Sur de Australia. Se tomó la temperatura rectal, el volumen corpuscular, la parasitémia y se registraron los síntomas clínicos de los animales vacunados, por un período de tres semanas. Los resultados indican, que la cepa A fue un poco más virulenta que la K, pero efectiva para la inmunización de animales bajo buena supervisión.
    Notes: Summary A Sri Lankan strain ofBabesia bovis (designated A strain) was isolated from larval ticks and prepared for use as vaccine by syringe-passage in 20 splenectomised calves followed by irradiation. The A strain and a vaccine strain ofBabesia bovis (designated K strain) brought in frozen form from Australia were used to vaccinate 37 susceptible bulls imported from southern Australia. Rectal temperatures, packed cell volumes, parasitaemias and overt clinical signs were monitored for three weeks following vaccination. The results indicated that the A strain was slightly more virulent than the K strain but suitable for the vaccination of well-supervised cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02236195
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Babesia bigemina in cattle (1998)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies, directed against a 58-kDa Babesia bigemina merozoite antigen that reacted strongly with immune sera from experimentally and naturally infected cattle in Western blots, were used to develop a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As based on the testing of 70 antibody-positive sera from experimentally infected cattle and 166 antibody-negative sera collected in non-endemic areas of Australia, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 95.7% and 97.0%, respectively. In sequential sera collected from six calves during the course of experimental B. bigemina infections the ELISA detected seroconversion at about 10 days post-inoculation. The specificity of the ELISA was not affected by the presence of antibodies to B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale or Theileria buffeli. In 42 sera from cattle experimentally infected with B. bovis but negative for B. bigemina the specificity of the ELISA was 95.2%. The use of a competitive-inhibition ELISA format detecting only antibody directed against a single epitope on the 58-kDa antigen appears to have overcome many of the specificity problems that have plagued serological tests for B. bigemina in the past. The test should be useful for epidemiology studies, particularly in areas where B. bovis and B. bigemina have overlapping distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050465
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth ofBabesia bigemina parasites in suspension cultures for vaccine production (1992)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 78 (1992), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An AustralianBabesia bigemina vaccine strain was maintained in suspension culture for 40 days. Parasite growth was compared using two tissue-culture flask sizes (25 and 75 cm2), four gas mixes (2%, 2.5%, 3% and 3.5% O2; 5% CO2; and the balance N2) and four packed blood cell (PCV) volumes (7%, 9%, 13% and 18%). The best continuous parasite yields were obtained from suspension cultures in 75-cm2 flasks at a PCV of 13% and gas mixtures of 2%–3% O2, 5% CO2 and the balance N2. Parasite yields per millilitre of culture medium were 3 times those obtained in microaerophilous stationary-phase cultures. The method has thus far been used for 6 months to produce the Australian requirements for hveB. bigemina vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931699
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