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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Psychophysiology 14 (1993), S. 227-231 
    ISSN: 0167-8760
    Keywords: EEG spectral analysis ; Evoked potential ; Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF) ; Reaction time
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 25 (1986), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick embryos were exposed during their 48 first hours of development to sinusoidally oscillating magnetic fields. The frequencies 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 16.7 Hz, 30 Hz, 50 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz, and the field strengths 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 A/m were used. Each exposure group consisted of 20 eggs. After the exposure, the embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stage. The percentage of abnormal embryos (%AE) was significantly increased at frequencies from 16.7 Hz to 100 kHz. Above a threshold field strength of about 0.1 to 1 A/m, %AE was rather independent of the field strength, varying from 16% to 56% in different exposure groups. 13% of the sham-exposed control embryos (n = 150) were abnormal. Only the 0.1 A/m exposure group differed significantly from the controls at 1 Hz, and no significant effect was found at 10 Hz. The developmental stage was in general not affected by the magnetic fields, but some abnormal embryos showed retarded development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 25 (1986), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick embroys were exposed during their 52 first hours of development to 100-Hz magnetic fields. Sinusoidal, square and pulsed waveforms were used at average field strengths from 0.1 A/m to 80 A/m. After exposure, the embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. When bipolar oscillations (oscillating at both sides of the zero-level) were used, the percentage of abnormal embryos was significantly increased above 1 A/m. In exposure to unipolar square waves, no significant effect on the percentage of abnormalities could be demonstrated. The developmental stage was possibly affected by unipolar square waves at 0.1 A/m, all other field strengths and wave-forms being apparently ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 29 (1985), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of human blood samples exposed to electric fields at frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 100 kHz was measured. Statistically significant differences in ESR were found between the exposed and the control samples at most of the frequencies used. The results suggest a possible nonlinear dependence of the effect on frequency, the threshold field strength varying from about 25 V/m to about 5 kV/m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Electromagnetic fields ; Rat ; Audiogenic seizure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the possible association between epileptic seizures and natural electromagnetic fields, 32 female audiogenic seizure (AGS)-susceptible rats were exposed to simulated 10 kHz and 28 kHz atmospherics and to a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field with a frequency of 100 Hz and field strength of 1 A/m. After the electromagnetic exposure, seizures were induced in the rats with a sound stimulus. The severity of the seizure was determined on an ordinal scale, the audiogenic response score (ARS). The time from the beginning of the sound stimulus to the onset of the seizure (seizure latency) and the duration of the convulsion was measured. No differences from the control experiments were found in the experiments with simulated atmospherics, but the 100 Hz magnetic field increased the seizure latency by about 13% (P〈0.02). The results do not support the hypothesis that natural atmospheric electromagnetic signals could affect the onset of epileptic seizures, but they suggest that AGS-susceptible rats may be a useful model for studying the biological effects of electromagnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 17 (1996), S. 138-143 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: epidemiology ; pregnancy ; exposure assessment ; generalized additive modelling ; exposure-response relationship ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Choosing the right exposure index for epidemiological studies on 50-60 Hz magnetic fields is difficult due to the lack of knowledge about critical exposure parameters for the biological effects of magnetic fields. This paper uses data from a previously published epidemiological investigation on early pregnancy loss (EPL) to study the methods of evaluating the exposure-response relationship of 50 Hz magnetic fields. Two approaches were used. The first approach was to apply generalized additive modeling to suggest the functional form of the relationship between EPL and magnetic field strength. The second approach evaluated the goodness of fit of the EPL data with eight alternative exposure indices: the 24 h average of magnetic field strength, three indices measuring the proportion of time above specified thresholds, and four indices measuring the proportion of time within specified intensity windows. Because the original exposure data included only spot measurements, estimates for the selected exposure indices were calculated indirectly from the spot measurements using empirical nonlinear equations derived from 24 h recordings in 60 residences. The results did not support intensity windows, and a threshold-type dependence on field strength appeared to be more plausible than a linear relationship. In addition, the study produced data suggesting that spot measurements may be used as surrogates for other exposure indices besides the time average field strength. No final conclusions should be drawn from this study alone, but we hope that this exercise stimulates evaluation of alternative exposure indices in other planned and ongoing epidemiological studies. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 19 (1998), S. 388-391 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: extremely low frequency ; electromagnetic field ; skin ; ODC ; putrescine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: We studied the influence of magnetic fields (MFs) and simulated solar radiation (SSR) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines in mouse epidermis. Chronic exposure to combined MF and SSR did not cause persistent effects on ODC activity or polyamines compared to the animals exposed only to UV, although the same MF treatment was previously found to accelerate skin tumor development. In an acute 24-h experiment, an elevation of putrescine and down-regulation of ODC activity was observed in the animals exposed to a 100-μT MF. No effect was seen 24 h after a single 2-MED (minimal erythemal dose) exposure to SSR. The results indicate that acute exposure to 50 Hz MF does exert distinctive biological effects on epidermal polyamine synthesis. Bioelectromagnetics 19:388-391, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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