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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of cumulative doses of salbutamol administered via Turbuhaler® or Diskhaler® in patients with reversible airway obstruction (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study aimed to estimate the relative dose potency of salbutamol inhaled via Turbuhaler® and Diskhaler®. The 24 adult patients participating had chronic reversible airway obstruction. The study was of a double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, randomized design. Five doses of salbutamol Turbuhaler, 50, 50. 100, 200, and 400 ng, were given on one study day at intervals of 30 min. On another study day, five doses of salbutaniol Diskhaler, 200,200,400,800, and 1600 ng, were given with the same interval. The treatment days were separated by a washout period of at least 24 h. The inhalation technique was standardized and supervised. Efficacy variables were recorded before and after each study dose. The primary efficacy variable was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEVi). When parallel and linear cumulative dose-response curves were statistically compared on a logarithmic scale, the dose potency of salbutamol Turbuhaler v.v salbutamol Diskhaler was 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.52–2.54). This study indicates that only half the dose of salbutamol is required via Turbuhaler as via Diskhaler for the same bronchodilating effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03959.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomized controlled assessment of the systemic activity of budesonide when given once or twice daily via Turbuhaler (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 56 (2000), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Budesonide ; Cortisol ; Inhaled corticosteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To compare the effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of budesonide, delivered via Turbuhaler at doses of 800 μg once daily in the morning or evening or 400 μg twice daily. Methods: Healthy men (n=24) received four treatments in random order: budesonide, 800 μg in the morning and placebo in the evening; budesonide, 800 μg in the evening and placebo in the morning; budesonide, 400 μg in the morning and evening; placebo in the morning and evening. Each treatment was given for 1 week, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol were obtained before the evening dose on day 6 of each treatment period and over the following 22 h. Results: All three budesonide regimens produced a statistically significant reduction (mean 16–19%) in the area under the curve of plasma cortisol concentration versus time over 22 h (AUC0–22h) compared with placebo. There were no statistically significant differences among the three regimens. These reductions in plasma cortisol concentrations were not considered to be clinically significant. Analysis of the fractional AUCs measured 0–10 h and 10–22 h after dosing showed that evening dosing had a greater effect on nocturnal cortisol than morning dosing; daytime cortisol was reduced by all treatments. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the effects on plasma cortisol of budesonide 400 μg twice daily and 800 μg once daily in the morning or evening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280000134
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectal pharmacokinetics of budesonide (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Budesonide; enema ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects ; hepatic bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and systemic availability of budesonide after rectal administration of two single enema doses (2 mg in 100 ml fluid of almost identical composition) were compared in 15 healthy volunteers. In 11 of these subjects, 2 mg oral budesonide in a gelatine capsule was given on a separate occasion. An intravenous administration (0.5 mg) was given as reference. With this design, individual hepatic bypass of the rectally administered budesonide dose could be estimated. The pharmacokinetics of the two enema formulations were similar, although not bioequivalent. Mean systemic availability was 16% (range 4.2–43%) and 15% (3.2–50%) after rectal administration and 6.3% (2.4–10%) after oral administration. The rectal data revealed a small intra- but a substantial inter-subject variability in systemic availability. Cmax was 3.3 nmol ⋅ l−1 (0.95–8.2), 3.0 nmol ⋅ l−1 (0.64–8.9) and 1.3 nmol ⋅ l−1 (0.61–3.0), respectively, for the three formulations. Absorption was rapid and essentially terminated within 3 h after rectal dosing [tmax = 1.3 h for both formulations (range 0.5–2.0)], but was slower after oral dosing [tmax = 2.1 h (1.0–6.0)]. If a complete absorption after oral and rectal dosing is assumed, the fraction of the rectal dose entering the liver at first pass can be calculated to be 88% (55–99%). The higher systemic availability and intersubject variability after rectal dosing does not seem to be caused by differences in first-pass liver metabolism but rather by hepatic bypass of a varying portion of administered drug. This portion seems to be typical for an individual and might be explained by anatomical differences between subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226330
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectal pharmacokinetics of budesonide (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Budesonide ; enema ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects ; hepatic bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and systemic availability of budesonide after rectal administration of two single enema doses (2 mg in 100 ml fluid of almost identical composition) were compared in 15 healthy volunteers. In 11 of these subjects, 2 mg oral budesonide in a gelatine capsule was given on a separate occasion. An intravenous administration (0.5 mg) was given as reference. With this design, individual hepatic bypass of the rectally administered budesonide dose could be estimated. The pharmacokinetics of the two enema formulations were similar, although not bioequivalent. Mean systemic availability was 16% (range 4.2–43%) and 15% (3.2–50%) after rectal administration and 6.3% (2.4–10%) after oral administration. The rectal data revealed a small intra- but a substantial inter-subject variability in systemic availability. Cmax was 3.3 nmol·l-1 (0.95–8.2), 3.0 nmol·l-1 (0.64–8.9) and 1.3 nmol·l-1 (0.61–3.0), respectively, for the three formulations. Absorption was rapid and essentially terminated within 3 h after rectal dosing [tmax=1.3 h for both formulations (range 0.5–2.0)], but was slower after oral dosing [tmax=2.1 h (1.0–6.0)]. If a complete absorption after oral and rectal dosing is assumed, the fraction of the rectal dose entering the liver at first pass can be calculated to be 88% (55–99%). The higher systemic availability and intersubject variability after rectal dosing does not seem to be caused by differences in first-pass liver metabolism but rather by hepatic bypass of a varying portion of administered drug. This portion seems to be typical for an individual and might be explained by anatomical differences between subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226330
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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