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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin-Producing Cells in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid during the Course of Aseptic Meningoencephalitis (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The protein A plaque assay was used to quantitate the number of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-producing cells per 20 × 103 lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) from 23 patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AM) in the acute stage 1–10 days after onset (group 1) and during late convalescence after 19–38 days (group II) and in PB from healthy controls. In the acute stage, IgG- and IgM-producing cells were found with significantly higher frequency in both CSF and PB than in the late convalescence. In both patient groups there were more Ig-producing cells in PB than in CSF. The predominant Ig class in PB of AM patients was IgA, just as in healthy individuals. In CSF, IgA- and IgG-producing cells predominated at similar frequencies. In the group I patients, there were positive correlations between numbers of Ig-producing cells of each class and the corresponding CSF Ig index, an indicator of intrathecal Ig synthesis. Since high numbers of Ig-producing cells could be found in CSF that was otherwise normal, enumeration of Ig-producing cells is considered a more sensitive indicator of the immune response intrathecally than measurement of free Igs
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00821.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Marrow Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27076.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced in Vitro Response of CSF Lymphocytes to Mitogen Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of a microculture technique and calculation of incorporation of 14C-thymidine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients showed low or absent proliferation when stimulated with phytohaemaggiutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen. in contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained simultaneously and investigated in parallel. A lower proliferation of CSF lymphocytes compared with PBL was also found in acute aseptic meningitis, although it has been reported that CSF lymphocytes show greater proliferation than PBL when specifically stimulated. The low proliferation of MS CSF lymphocytes on mitogen stimulation may be a consequence of prolonged sensitization to an as yet unidentified antigen. The proliferation of MS CSF lymphocytes was not improved by adding irradiated PBL, making helper cell insufiiciency less likely. MS CSF had no inhibitory effect on proliferation of PBL. arguing against an inhibitory effect of soluble factors in the CSF as an explanation for the depressed response of CSF lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb03271.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Active T Cells in CSF and Blood in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Controls (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 12 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In thirty-two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly lower percentages of active T cells—that is, lymphocytes which have been incubated at 37°C for 1 h before 5 min rosetting with sheep erythrocytes—were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in blood, whereas the reverse was observed in twenty of twenty-two patients with other neurological diseases (OND). No significant difference was found between percentages of active T cells in blood in MS, OND, and healthy controls. Lymphocytes from MS CSF are extensively temperature-labile when examined under different test conditions; without incubation at 37°C for 1 h. active T cell percentages in CSF of both patients with MS and OND were, in fact, higher than in peripheral blood. The mitogen response patterns of enriched active T cells and unseparated lymphocytes from peripheral blood did not discriminate between patients with MS and healthy controls. Although active T cell values have been shown to correlate with cell-mediated immunocompetence, they have not yet been defined functionally. One of the explanations for the present findings could be that lymphocytes themselves in MS patients’ CSF are at least partly virus-infected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00046.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of CD4 Antigen in a Monocytoid Cell Line (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The CD4 molecule has several biological functions, physiologically as a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, and pathologically as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by its binding to the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120 The frequency of’CD4+ cells has been shown to correlate positively with both susceptibility and cytopathogenic effect by HIV. To determine if CD4 expression varied during the cell cycle, a CD4-cxpressing monocytoid cell line. U 937 clone 16, was synchronized with regard lo cell growth. The CD4 antigen was analysed with regard to expression, density and rate of reappearance after treatment with trypsin during the different phases of the cell cycle. The CD4 reappearance rate was found to be maximal during the S phase. This was followed by an increased expression and density in the late S G2 phase. Thus a cell cycle-dependent expression of CD4 molecules on the cell surface was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01571.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Specific Antibodies by Cerebrospinal Fluid Lymphocytes in Patients with Herpes Zoster, Mumps Meningitis and Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We applied a new method consisting of short-term culture (18 h) of lymphocytes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-L) and peripheral blood (PBL) in viral antigen-coaled ELISA plates and subsequent measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies bound to antigen. Utilizing mumps virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV). and measles virus as antigens, we demonstrated production by CSF-L. of antibodies against the aetiological agent only in all patients with mumps meningitis and HSV encephalitis and also in all patients with herpes zoster without central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. This might be considered as direct evidence that specific antibodies are produced within the CNS in inflammatory nervous system diseases. CSF-L. usually produced higher amounts of antibodies than the corresponding number of PBL., In comparison with concentrations of free antibodies determined in parallel, our method had higher specificity and sensitivity and gave more precise information about the antibody response in infections of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02093.x
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