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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep donor levels in Sn-doped AlxGa1−xAs (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5952-5956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of the Sn-doped AlxGa1−xAs alloys with various compositions have been studied by deep level transient spectroscopy and photocapacitance methods. Two deep donor levels with the thermal activation energies of 0.19 and 0.32 eV are found in all of the samples. Detailed data for the thermal emission and capture activation energies, optical ionization energies, and their composition dependence are given for the first time. Because their electronic properties are similar to that of the typical Si DX level in AlxGa1−xAs, it is concluded that both Sn-related levels are the DX-like levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350445
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of DX(Sn) centers in AlxGa1−xAs (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 2497-2500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High resolution Laplace defect spectroscopy was used to study the fine structure of the electron emission process of DX(Sn) centers in AlxGa1−xAs (x=0.26,0.53). Two groups of peaks in the spectra of electron emission rates were found to correspond to two DX-like centers observed by deep level transient spectroscopy. The line splitting in both groups derives from the alloy disorder effect attributed to the different local configurations of Al and Ga atoms around two DX-like centers. Experimental evidence for the microscopic nature of two DX-like centers in Sn-doped AlGaAs is provided. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368614
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of WNx films and WNx/GaAs Schottky diodes prepared by ion beam assisted deposition technique (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1134-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low energy ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of refractory tungsten nitride films onto GaAs is attempted for the first time. This ion beam technique provides lower process pressure, and less ion damage to substrates and films than conventional reactive sputter deposition. Schottky diode characteristics of W/ and WNx/GaAs and their thermal stability were investigated by capping the refractory films with SiO2 films and subsequent annealing at 700–900 °C for 30 min. While both tungsten and tungsten nitride contacts were stable up to 850 °C, the tungsten nitride contact showed better thermal stability and higher Schottky barrier height. The Schottky barrier heights of W/ and WN0.27/GaAs diodes annealed at 850 °C were 0.71 and 0.84 eV, respectively. These preliminary results are comparable to those of the best results reported with the conventional sputtering methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345759
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline is a preparation often advocated for diseases of the liver. Methods: In a randomized open controlled trial, a preparation of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline, at a dose of 900 mg orally daily, was given to 22 patients with acute viral hepatitis. A control group of 25 patients was not treated. Results: Serial serum bilirubin and alanine amino transferase levels were measured up to 12 weeks. The falls in their levels after 2 and 5 weeks, and the lengths of time to their normalization, were not significantly different in the treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline had no beneficial effect on the course of acute viral hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00441.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in the early stage of the infection using recombinant alpha-interferon with steroid priming (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Alpha-interferon has been found to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection although a sustained effect was rarely achieved in those with normal pre-treatment serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels. Prednisolone priming has been found to be beneficial over treatment with interferon alone in these subjects. We studied the effect of steroid pre-treatment followed by recombinant interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of asymptomatic HBV carriers with positive hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA) and minimal changes in liver histology. Methods: The treatment regimen included a 6-week prednisolone priming, a 2 week rest followed by 14 weeks of three times weekly 9 mega units of interferon alpha-2a injection and 52 weeks of follow-up. There were seven patients in the treatment group and seven controls. Results: The mean age, pre-treatment ALT (normal in all except for one in each of the treatment and control groups), HBV-DNA levels and histological scores were similar in the two groups. Serum HBV-DNA levels fell in six patients during treatment and became undetectable in two of them by the end. During follow-up, serum HBV-DNA returned to pre-treatment levels in all patients. None of the treated patients had HBeAg sero-conversion and none of the controls had spontaneous clearance of HBV-DNA or sero-conversion of HBeAg. No improvement of liver histology was observed in any of the treated patients. There were only mild flu-like side-effects noted and interferon alpha-2a was well tolerated at the doses given among treated patients. Conclusion: Prednisolone priming followed by interferon alpha-2a treatment has no beneficial effect on HBV carriers in the early stages of chronic hepatitis B infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00417.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicentre randomized-controlled clinical trial of Ipocol, a new enteric-coated form of mesalazine, in comparison with Asacol in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : 5-Aminosalicylates remain important in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but it is uncertain if the various preparations currently available are equivalent given the different delivery systems that exist. Generic prescription of mesalazine (mesalamine) is therefore inappropriate. Ipocol has recently become available as an alternative to Asacol-MR.Aim : To compare the two agents in a controlled trial using a non-inferiority design.Methods : Eighty-eight ulcerative colitis patients with a mild to moderate clinical relapse were randomized to one of the two drugs at a daily dose of 2.4 g for 8 weeks. Safety was the key concern; the primary measured end-point was efficacy as judged from a colitis activity index.Results : There were no unexpected adverse events of clinical consequence. The colitis score improved similarly in both patient groups (by 2.3 with Ipocol and by 1.5 with Asacol: not significant), and a similar proportion was in clinical remission at the end of the study (26.1% for Ipocol and 28.6% for Asacol: not significant). Systemic steroids were needed in 11.9% of the Asacol-treated patients compared with 6.5% with Ipocol (not significant).Conclusion : It appears appropriate to conclude that, while not identical to Asacol-MR, Ipocol offers a safe and similarly effective alternative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02442.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and chronic pancreatitis — diseases on the rise: a study of hospital admissions in England 1989/90–1999/2000 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The number of hospital admissions for acute and chronic pancreatitis increased in Britain from the 1960s to the 1980s.Aims: To determine time trends in acute and chronic pancreatitis for hospital admissions from 1989/90 to 1999/2000, mortality from 1979 to 1999, and various indices of alcohol consumption.Methods: Hospital Episode Statistics for admissions were obtained from the Department of Health and mortality data from the Office for National Statistics. Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the General Household Survey.Results: Between 1989/90 and 1999/2000, age-standardized hospital admission rates for acute pancreatitis increased by 43%, whilst those for chronic pancreatitis rose by 100%. The proportions of admissions requiring surgical operations increased for acute pancreatitis, but declined for chronic pancreatitis. Case fatality rates for acute pancreatitis declined, but mortality statistics showed no significant change. The proportion of women who drank more than 14 units of alcohol a week also increased.Conclusions: There has been a steady increase in admission rates for both acute and chronic pancreatitis over the study period, and these conditions will become an increasingly important part of the workload of the gastroenterologist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01367.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diverticular disease of the colon: ethnic differences in frequency (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Colonic diverticular disease is more common in Western populations than in developing countries.Aim : To determine whether the frequency of colonic diverticular disease is different in British patients of Indian-subcontinent Asian origin compared with other ethnic groups.Methods : All colonoscopies performed over a 3-year period in a London hospital were studied. Patients of Indian-subcontinent Asian origin were identified by name.Results : Five of 134 Indian-subcontinent Asian males (4%) had colonic diverticular disease, compared with 278 of 1268 patients of other ethnic groups (22%; P 〈 0.001). Five of 91 Indian-subcontinent Asian females (6%) had colonic diverticular disease, compared with 333 of 1486 patients of other ethnic groups (23%; P 〈 0.001). Although patients of Indian-subcontinent Asian origin (54.8 ± 15.8 years) were younger than those of other ethnic groups (60.3 ± 17.8 years; P 〈 0.0001), the ethnic difference in the frequency of diverticular disease persisted even when age was taken into account.Conclusion : There is a lower frequency of colonic diverticular disease in Indian-subcontinent Asians presenting for colonoscopy, compared with other ethnic groups. This cannot be explained by sex or age differences. Our findings require confirmation, but may provide opportunities for research into the aetiology of colonic diverticular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01908.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in oesophageal and gastric cancer incidence, mortality and survival in England and Wales 1971–1998/1999 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : In England and Wales, 7% of cancers diagnosed in 1997 were oesophageal or gastric cancer.Aim : To review the epidemiology of these cancers in England and Wales using cancer registration data from 1971 to 1998 and mortality data from 1971 to 1999.Methods : We calculated age-specific and age-standardised incidence and mortality rates; crude and relative survival by age group; age-standardised relative survival; and relative survival by socio-economic status.Results : The age-standardised incidence of oesophageal cancer increased from 7.6 to 12.8 per 100 000 men and from 4.2 to 5.7 per 100 000 women. The incidence of gastric cancer decreased from 31.8 to 18.9 per 100 000 men and from 15.1 to 7.3 per 100 000 women. For both cancers, the 1- and 5-year age-standardised relative survival improved for men and women from 1971–1975 to 1992–1994; the 5-year age-standardised relative survival was significantly higher in women than in men diagnosed in 1992–1994; for some periods from 1971–1975 to 1986–1990, the 1-year relative survival was significantly higher in the least deprived men than in the most deprived men.Conclusions : Survival improved for both cancers over the study period, but there were unexplained differences related to sex and deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01520.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the subsite and morphology of oesophageal and gastric cancer in England and Wales 1971–1998 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia has increased in many countries.Aim : To describe the trends in the subsite and morphology of oesophageal and gastric cancer using cancer registry data from 1971 to 1998.Methods : We calculated the overall age-standardised incidence in each year; the age-standardised incidence by subsite, by morphology and by subsite and morphology; and the ratio of the rates in men and women in 1971 and 1998.Results : The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma increased from 1.5 to 7.0 per 100 000 men and from 0.4 to 1.5 per 100 000 women. The incidence of cancer at the cardia also increased, from 2.0 to 5.4 per 100 000 men and from 0.6 to 1.4 per 100 000 women, but the incidence of gastric cancer without a specified subsite decreased markedly from 21.3 to 9.3 per 100 000 men and from 10.7 to 4.2 per 100 000 women.Conclusions : Although some of the increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia is probably real, this interpretation is limited by the proportion of cancers without specified subsites or morphologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01521.x
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