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Eimeria tenella: Local Antibodies and Interactions with the Sporozoite Surface (1989)

TREES, A. J. ; KARIM, M. J. ; McKELLAR, S. B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 36 (1989), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: .Using fixed sporozoites in a 3-layer immunofluorescence assay (TLIFA), class-specific, parasite-specific antibody responses in chicks to single-pulse infection with Eimeria tenella have been studied in gut contents and bile as well as plasma and feces. After infection with 103 oocysts, IgA antibody was first detected in the duodenal lumen, then in bile, plasma, cecum, and the distal small intestine. The kinetics of the bile IgA response correlated with that in plasma and peaked 9 days post-infection (d.p.i.); IgM was detected in gut contents and bile as well as plasma, and IgG was occasionally detected in gut contents, especially in the duodenum. In some experiments, IgA was detected in gut contents and bile to at least 21 d.p.i. Infection with 103 oocysts resulted in an earlier and increased response and relatively high IgG titers in cecal contents. Coproantibody was detected inconsistently and at low titer. When sporozoites that excysted in vitro were incubated in specific, antibody-positive (9 d.p.i.) cecal contents, some complement-mediated IgG-associated anti-sporozoite effects were observed; however, the major effect of cecal contents and the only effect of bile was a non-lethal agglutination of living sporozoites. By fractionation of cecal contents and imtnunoblotting this was confirmed to be IgA mediated; IgA antibodies in cecal contents and bile after infection were shown to bind to sporozoite membrane antigens by surface fluorescence as well as agglutination. Agglutination detected anti-sporozoite antibody in gut contents and bile up to 21 d.p.i., peaking between 7 and 13 d.p.i., corresponding with TLIFA results. The immunofluorescence studies reveal the extremely labile nature of the sporozoite surface antigens and support the hypothesis that naturally elaborated IgA antibodies are involved in the modulation of complexed sporozoite surface antigens.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05521.x

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Isolation of five species ofeimeria from chickens in Bangladesh (1990)

Karim, M. J. ; Trees, A. J.

Springer

Tropical animal health and production 22 (1990), S. 153-159

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ISSN: 1573-7438

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cinq espèces de coccidies, à savoirE. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti, etE. necatrix ont été identifiées chez les poulets au Bangladesh sur la base de lésions observées à l'autopsie d'oiseaux infectés naturellement, en raison de la dimension des oocystes, et des lésions constatées chez les poulets infectés expérimentalement à l'aide de souches dérivées d'un unique oocyste. L'utilisation de cages en polycarbonate à dessus filtrant a permis l'isolement des souches sans avoir recours à des isolateurs animaux sophistiqués et convient pour l'utilisation dans les laboratoires du monde en développement dans son ensemble. Les résponses à un questionnaire adressé à toutes les fermes avicoles intensives connues ont indiqué que la coccidiose est une maladie majeure. Pour la combattre les producteurs s'en remettent essentiellement à des méthodes de conduite des élevages et au recours tactique aux sulphonamides; la chimioprophylaxie dans les aliments n'est pas largement utilisée. Ces méthodes de lutte ne sont pas satisfaisantes et de récentes épizooties de coccidiose ont été signalées dans 7 fermes sur 16. Il y avait des preuves d'une incidence saisonnière de la coccidiose clinique.

Abstract: Resumen Se identifican cinco especies deEimeria, E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti yE. necatrix, en explotaciones de aves comerciales en Bangladesh, con base en las lesiones observadas a la necropsia de pollos infectados naturalmente, y teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones de los ooquistes y lesiones observadas en pollos infectados experimentalmente con cepas derivadas de ooquistes únicos. El uso de jaulas de policarbonato con filtros (superiores), permitió el aislamiento de cepas sin el sofisticamiento de animales aisladores, técnica que puede utilizarse en países en vías de desarrollo. Un cuestionario enviado a los productores, sugiere que la coccidiosis es la principal enfermedad. Para el control de la enfermedad, los productores se apoyan en manejo y en el uso de sulfonamidas. La quimioprofiláxis en el alimento, no es utilizada con frecuencia. Estas medidas no parecen que sean suficientes, reportándose brotes de coccidiosis recientemente en siete de 16 granjas. Hay evidencia de la presentación estacional de la enfermedad.

Notes: Summary Five species ofEimeria, namelyE. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti andE. necatrix were identified in chickens in Bangladesh on the basis of lesions seen at post-mortem examinations of naturally infected birds, and on the dimensions of oocysts and the lesions seen in chicks experimentally infected with single oocyst derived strains. The use of filter top, polycarbonate cages permitted the isolation of strains without sophisticated animal isolators and is appropriate for use in laboratories throughout the developing world. Responses to a questionnaire sent to all known intensive poultry farms suggested that coccidiosis is a major disease. For control, producers rely mostly on management procedures and the tactical use of sulphonamides; in-feed chemoprophylaxis is not widely used. These control measures are unsatisfactory and recent coccidiosis outbreaks were reported from seven of 16 farms. There was evidence of a seasonal incidence in clinical coccidiosis.