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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Reo-3-Infektion der weißen Maus (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 27 (1969), S. 364-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A reovirus type 3 was recovered by means of tissue culture from the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and skeletal muscles of affected suckling mice and clinically health mother mice (strain NMRI). Suckling mice experimentally infected with reovirus type 3 showed signs of a central nervous system disease, retardation of growth, oily hair and diarrhea. Positive hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing antibodies were found as well in healthy as in specific-pathogen free animals. No evidence was obtained for an aetiologic relationship between reo-3-infection and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice. The virological and serological results characterize the reo-3-infection of suckling mice as an enzootic disease of high contagiosity. Dams play an important role as carriers due to persistent infections occuring in them.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Untersuchung erkrankter Babymäuse und klinisch gesunder Muttermäuse des Stammes NMRI wurde mit Hilfe der Gewebekultur aus Gehirn, Herz, Leber, Nieren, Milz, Muskulatur und Darm ein Reo-3-Virus isoliert. Durch die experimentelle Infektion von Babymäusen konnten die identischen Krankheitssymptome in Form von ZNS-Störungen, Wachstumsverzögerungen, Haarveränderungen und Diarrhöe reproduziert werden. Positive Titer hämagglutinationshemmender und neutralisierender Antikörper wurden sowohl hei gesunden Mäusen konventioneller Zucht als auch bei SPF-Tieren nachgewiesen. Für eine ätiologische Beteiligung von Reo-3-Viren hei der epizootischen Diarrhöe der Säuglingsmäuse haben sich nach vorliegenden Untersuchungen keine Hinweise ergehen. Nach den klinisch-epizootiologischen Beobachtungen muß jedoch mit dem gleichzeitigen Vorkommen von zwei Erregern gerechnet werden. Die virologischen und serologischen Befunde kennzeichnen die Reo-3-Virusinfektion der Babymäuse als eine enzootische Erkrankung mit hoher Kontagiosität. Den Muttermäusen kommt auf Grund einer persistierenden Infektion eine Bedeutung als Virusüberträger zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249658
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Konzentrierung und Reinigung von Maul-und-Klauenseuche-(MKS-) Virus durch Polyäthylenglykol (PEG) (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 35 (1971), S. 104-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Foot-and-mouth disease virus, strains O1-Kaufbeuren, A2-Spain and C-Oberbayern, respectively, was purified from infected BHK-21 cell cultures by precipitation with polyethylenglycol 6000 to 8 and 10 per cent (w/v) concentration followed by centrifugation through a sucrose cushion and rate zonal centrifugation, Mean virus recovery was 0,7 to 8 rag per 1000 ml of infectious tissue culture fluid representing 20 to 37 per cent of total infectivity. Using highly purified virus suspensions a fast migrating protein component was detected by quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which was associated with labelled viral nucleic acid.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung MKS-Virus der Typen 0, A und C wurde durch Präzipitation mit 8–10% (w/v) Polyäthylenglycol 6000 sowie nachfolgende Polster- und Zonenzentrifugierung im Saccharosegradienten aus infizierten BHK-Zellkulturen konzentriert und gereinigt. Die durchschnittliche Virusausbeute schwankte zwischen 0,7 und 8 mg/1000 ml infektiösem Kulturmedium, entsprechend 20–37% der Gesamtinfektiosität. In der quantitativen Polyacrylamidgel-Elektrophorese wurde in hochgereinigten Virussuspensionen eine schnell wandernde Proteinkomponente nachgewiesen, die mit markierter Virusnukleinsäure assoziiert war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249757
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Marek's disease virus DNA from infected cells by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 54 (1977), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Marek's disease virus DNA isolated from the nuclear fraction of infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and sucrose-purified particles was electrophoresed on 3 per cent polyacrylamide gels and was compared in its electrophoretical behaviour with isolated pseudorabies and herpes simplex DNA, strain HF. The DNA molecules eluted from the gel were identified by their sedimentation coefficient (53–55S) and buoyant density (1.707 g/ml) to be of viral origin. MDV DNA molecules were electrophoretically also detected and identified in DNA preparations of the lymphoblastoid Marek's disease tumour cell line MSB-1 which therefore has to be considered as a producer line. The electrophoresis of DNA preparations from Marek's disease virus-infected cells on polyacrylamide gels provides a semipreparative method for the isolation of MDV DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314380
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic (5′UTR) and serological differences among German BVDV field isolates (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 2049-2057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) collected in Germany were examined for their genomic heterogeneity in sequences from the 5′untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests based on the 5′UTR and the region coding for the NS2–3/4A polypeptide were used to differentiate between BVDV I and BVDV II genotypes. Eleven out of 96 BVDV-isolates were identified as BVDV II. Virus neutralization tests with BVDV I- or II-specific antisera raised in cattle were done. The mean titers were reduced by 7.2-fold (BVDV I-antiserum versus type II-isolates) or 35-fold (BVDV II-antiserum versus type I-isolates) when using the respective heterologous virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050222
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of the lymphotropic Aleutian disease parvovirus ADV-SL3 (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. About 98% of the DNA sequence of the lymphotropic Aleutian disease parvovirus isolate ADV-SL3 was determined and analysed. The sequence revealed that this isolate was a type-1 ADV strain, supporting that the currently used typing of ADV viruses does not correlate with virulence or pathogenicity. ADV-SL3 had a very high overall homology of 99.5% to the prototype strain ADV-G at the DNA level. Comparative sequence analyses with various ADV isolates of known virulence did not reveal a consensus sequence that could obviously be responsible for the apparently unique biological properties of this virus strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050066
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of Aleutian disease parvovirus in cell line CCC clone 81 (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 77 (1983), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV), mutant Gorham of the Utah-1 strain, was grown and comparatively assayed in feline cell lines CRFK and CCC clone 81 at 31.8°C. The maximum virus titres as determined by a fluorescent focus assay were found to be about 105 FFU/ml in CRFK at day 6 p. i. and 106 FFU/ml at day 4 p. i. in CCC clone 81 cells. Shifting of the incubation temperature from 31.8 to 37°C led to a reduced virus production after three passages. The synchronization of the CCC clone 81 cells by 1 × 10−3 m hydroxyurea followed by infection with low (≤0.8) multiplicities of infection (MOI) did not significantly influence the virus titres. Several mammalian cell lines such as MiCl1 (S+L−), Mv1-Lu, 64F3 clone 7 and FEF or fish cell lines such as BB and CHSE 114 developed abortive infections after inoculation with the temperature-sensitive mutant Gorham of the ADV strain Utah-1 (ADV-G). Three new isolates designated ADV-Sl1—ADV-Sl3 were isolated from spleen and blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells of ADV-infected mink and were adapted to grow in CCC clone 81 cells at 31.8°C with virus titres between 104 and 104.7 FFU/ml. ADV particle populations varying in their bouyant density between 1.32, 1.36 and 1.43 g/ml were isolated from infected cells and culture supernatants. By protein blotting and immunodetection two major protein components with apparent M. W. of 85 and 75 KD and three minor polypeptides of 33, 28.9 and 27.5 KD were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314862
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccination against Marek's disease: Immunizing effect of purified turkey herpes virus and cellular membranes from infected cells (1974)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 159 (1974), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One-day-old chickens susceptible to Marek's disease were vaccinated with experimental vaccines prepared from purified turkey herpes virus (HVT), inactivated HVT preparations or a membrane fraction isolated from HTV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts, respectively. Purified HVT was found to be as effective in immunization against Marek's disease as cell-associated virus. The specific mortality of chickens twice vaccinated with cellular membranes from HVT-infected cells was reduced by 94%. These membranes also carried virus-specific antigens as shown by immunodiffusion tests. From the vaccination and serologic findings one may conclude that the immunologic prevention of Marek's disease by vaccination with the HVT is mediated by antibodies against viral envelope and virus-specific membrane antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123735
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bovine leukosis virus (1977)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 164 (1977), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02121309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Universal `One-tube' RT-PCR Protocol for Amplifying Isolates of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (2000)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 24 (2000), S. 491-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: bovine viral diarrhoea ; BVDV ; diagnosis ; genome ; genotype ; methodology ; polymerase chain reaction ; primers ; reverse transcription ; virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The increase in the knowledge of the genetic variability of BVDV and the identification of some of the genetic determinants of its pathogenicity require robust and practical tools for rapid molecular characterization of the various genotypes of this virus. This study was undertaken to develop a standard protocol for RT-PCR that allows the amplification of various parts of the genome of BVDV without the need for optimizing each individual reaction. The reaction set-up is very flexible because it consists of two pre-mixes. These are a master mix, with all the required reagents except the desired primers, which are the components of the second pre-mix and are therefore easily interchangeable between the different reactions. After adding any primer-containing pre-mix to the fixed master mix, a non-interrupted cycling protocol led to the generation of amplicons of up to 4 kbp in size in amounts sufficient for subsequent sequencing reactions. The method was applied to five different regions of the BVDV genome: (i) the well-known 5′-UTR to differentiate genotypes I and II; (ii) the entire E2 gene, or an approximately 550 bp region within the E2 gene, in order to find the molecular equivalent of antigenic varieties; (iii) the entire structural protein coding region covering the Npro, capsid, E RNS, E1 and E2 genes; (iv) a 2.1 kbp region embracing the NS2/3 junction which is known to be cleaved in cytopathic biotypes of BVDV; and (v) the region covering the entire NS4B and NS5A/B genes. All six RT-PCRs were successfully applied using (i) primers with lengths of between 20 and 52 nucleotides, (ii) an aliquot of RNA extracted from either 106 infected bovine embryonal lung cells or the same number of leukocytes from viraemic cattle, and (iii) all the genotype I and II strains of BVDV tested. The technique described was used to generate various Sindbis virus/BVDV recombinants. The correct processing of the amplicon-derived E2 glycoprotein of BVDV strain PT810 was demonstrated by its reaction with a monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. Given the variety of RT-PCRs tested, we conclude that this universal protocol may be useful with other RNA viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006407807133
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