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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A solid-phase extraction method routinely used for serum samples was improved and applied to the qualitative and quantitative determination of paracetamol in different body fluids, e.g. blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, vitreous humor, and in tissue samples. A very simple method showed best results: Body fluids were mixed with phenacetine as internal standard and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Then protein was precipitated using acetonitrile. After strong centrifugation the supernatant was transferred to a preconditioned Bakerbond C18-SPE-column. Elution with methanol without a prior washing step showed best recovery rates. The extracts were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, a photometrical and an immunochemical method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 605-606 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 99 (1987), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Medical liability ; AIDS, medical liability ; Gene technology, medical liability ; Euthanasia, medical liability ; Arzthaftung, Strafrecht ; AIDS, strafrechtliche Arzthaftung ; Gentechnologie, strafrechtliche Arzthaftung ; Sterbehilfe, strafrechtliche Arzthaftung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der aktuellen Diskussion stehen AIDS sowie Rechtsfragen zu Beginn und Ende menschlichen Lebens. Die Zulässigkeit von AIDS-Routinetests ohne Kenntnis des Betroffenen ist heftig umstritten; tatbestandlich könnte eine strafbare Körperverletzung vorliegen. Ein Bruch der ärztlichen Schweigepflicht, die prinzipiell auch bei der AIDS-Erkrankung besteht, ist über die Grundsätze des rechtfertigenden Notstands oder der Pflichtenkollision zulässig. Bei der Übertragung von AIDS ist eine Strafbarkeit wegen eines Körperverletzungs- oder Tötungsdeliktes zu befürchten. Mit dem Entwurf eines Embryonenschutzgesetzes sollen Mißbräuche auf dem Gebiet der Fortpflanzungs- und Gentechnik strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Bei der Neufassung des § 168 StGB, wonach der Schutzbereich dieser Norm jetzt auch die tote Leibesfrucht umfaßt, ging der Gesetzgeber ausdrücklich davon aus, daß der Leiter einer Krankenanstalt grundsätzlich berechtigter Gewahrsamsinhaber der Leiche eines in der Klinik Verstorbenen ist; für die Sektionsproblematik dürfte dies eine beruhigende Klarstellung bedeuten. Mit der sogenannten Sterbehilfe und der ärztlichen Mitwirkung beim Suicid beschäftigte sich der Deutsche Juristentag 1986: Während medizinische Behandlungen, die eine Verfälschung des Sterbens darstellten, bei irreversiblen Leiden abgebrochen werden können, wurde die aktive Sterbehilfe, also das gezielte Töten eines Todkranken, abgelehnt. Hinsichtlich der Nichthinderung fremder Selbsttötung sollte die frei verantwortliche Entscheidung des Suicidenten grundsätzlich respektiert werden; in der Regel muß allerdings „in dubio pro vita“ gelten, im Zweifel ein Eingreifen zur Rettung des Lebens.
    Notes: Summary Currently, liability discussions are being dominated by AIDS and the legal problems associated with birth and death. The indroduction of routine AIDS tests without the knowledge of those concerned is disputed heatedly and, in fact, may well constitute bodily assault and render those responsible liable to prosecution. In AIDS cases, the apparent breach of the Hippocratic oath of secrecy by Physicians can be justified on the grounds of both the extraordinary circumstances prevailing and conflicting duties. The transmission of AIDS could give rise to prosecution for causing bodily injury or manslaughter. The drawing up of a law to protect embryos is designed to establish legal constraints in the fields of reproduction and gene technology. In reframing § 168 StGB, which provides protection to the dead embryo, legislators assume that the head of a medical clinic is the lawful custodian of the corpse of a person who has died in his institution. This should help to resolve many of the problems arising from post-mortem examinations. The questions of euthanasia and medical assistance in cases of suicide were raised at the 1986 Conference of German Lawyers. Whereas medical treatment that could be considered as interference with the natural process of dying may be withdrawn in the case of irreversible terminal suffering, active euthanasia, i.e. the deliberate killing of a terminal patient, was rejected. With regard to noninterference in a suicide attempt by a third party, the free decision of the person wishing to commit suicide should be respected. In general, however, the maxim in dubio pro vita should be respected and where any doubt exists, an attempt should be made to save the person's life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 114 (2000), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Age estimation ; Aspartic acid ; racemisation ; Minimal standards ; Quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Estimates of the age of living and dead individuals, obtained in order to answer legal or social questions, require minimum quality standards in order to guarantee data quality. We present an outline strategy (with recommendations) for the attainment of quality assurance in age estimation based on aspartic acid racemisation. The strategy is based on a definition of minimum standards for laboratories, including documentation of procedures, methodology and levels of expertise, and the formulation of guidelines for intralaboratory and interlaboratory quality control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 7 (1997), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 7 (1997), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 9 (1999), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 10 (2000), S. 76-79 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Age estimation ; Forensic practise ; Demands ; State of the art
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Age estimation in cadavers, human remains and living individuals may clarify issues with significant legal and social ramifications for individuals as well as for the community. In such cases methods for estimating age should fulfil the following specific demands: (1) they must have been presented to the scientific community, as a rule by publication in peer-reviewed journals, (2) clear information concerning accuracy of age estimation by the method should be available, (3) the methods need to be sufficiently accurate and (4) in cases of age estimation in living individuals principles of medical ethics and legal regulations have to be considered. We have identified and summarized the methods that essentially fulfil these specific demands. In childhood and adolescence morphological methods based on the radiological examination of dental and skeletal development are to be recommended. In adulthood, the accuracy of most morphological methods is much reduced. Here a biochemical method based on aspartic acid racemization in dentine provides the most accurate estimates of age, followed by special morphological dental and skeletal methods. The choice of method has to take account of the individual circumstances of each case. Most methods require either the consultation of specialised and trained scientists or an adequate calibration by the “user”. Very few attempts have been made to find common standardisation, calibration and evaluation procedures or to develop means of quality assurance for methods of age estimation. Efforts in these directions are necessary to guarantee quality standards and adequate answers to the important legal and social issue of age estimation in forensic medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 10 (2000), S. 114-119 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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