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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is said or how it is said makes a difference: role of the right fronto-parietal operculum in emotional prosody as revealed by repetitive TMS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Emotional signals in spoken language can be conveyed by semantic as well as prosodic cues. We investigated the role of the fronto-parietal operculum, a somatosensory area where the lips, tongue and jaw are represented, in the right hemisphere to detection of emotion in prosody vs. semantics. A total of 14 healthy volunteers participated in the present experiment, which involved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with frameless stereotaxy. As predicted, compared with sham stimulation, TMS over the right fronto-parietal operculum differentially affected the reaction times for detection of emotional prosody vs. emotional semantics, showing that there is a dissociation at a neuroanatomical level. Detection of withdrawal emotions (fear and sadness) in prosody was delayed significantly by TMS. No effects of TMS were observed for approach emotions (happiness and anger). We propose that the right fronto-parietal operculum is not globally involved in emotion evaluation, but sensitive to specific forms of emotional discrimination and emotion types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04130.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haloperidol and clozapine treatment and their effect onM-chlorophenylpiperazine-mediated responses in schizophrenia: implications for the mechanism of action of clozapine (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 112 (1993), S. S90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clozapine ; Haloperidol ; Schizophrenia ; M-Chlorophenylpiperazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since clozapine is, in contrast to conventional neuroleptics, effective in treatment refractory schizophrenic patients its mechanism of action may be different from that of typical neuroleptics. Clozapine has been shown to display the highest binding affinity of all neuroleptics to one of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) receptor subtypes, i.e., the 5HT1c receptor. Furthermore, clozapine, in contrast to conventional neuroleptics, blocks the effect of 5HT agonists on ACTH and corticosterone release in animals. This study hypothesized that clozapine, but not haloperidol would block ACTH and prolactin release induced by the 5HT agonist,m-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP). MCPP (0.35 mg/kg PO) was administered after a 3-week drug-free period, after 5 weeks of haloperidol treatment (20 mg/day) and finally after 5 weeks of clozapine treatment (〉400 mg/day) in ten male schizophrenic patients. Clozapine, but not haloperidol, blocked the effect of MCPP on ACTH and prolactin release. These results suggest that clozapine, in contrast to haloperidol, is a functional 5HT antagonist. Since MCPP-induced ACTH and prolactin release may be (partially) 5HT1c mediated, these results suggest that clozapine is a potent antagonist at the 5HT1c receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ipsapirone in healthy subjects: a dose-response study (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ipsapirone ; Dose-response ; Serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A dose-response study of ipsapirone (IPS), a 5HT1a partial agonist, was conducted in healthy male subjects. IPS was administered in doses of 5,10 and 20 mg PO in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design to 15 subjects on 4 test days separated by at least 3 days. Oral temperature, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, blood pressure, pulse rate and behavioral variables were assessed every 30 min for 3 h after administration of tablets (at 10:00a.m.). IPS at 20 mg significantly decreased temperature and increased cortisol levels. Although IPS increased ACTH levels at 20 mg, this effect was variable and not significant. IPS did not affect prolactin levels nor did it have any behavioral effects. Although 20 mg IPS decreased blood pressure and pulse rate in one subject, overall it had no significant effect on these parameters. IPS at 20 mg PO appears a useful probe to test 5HT1a function when temperature and cortisol are used as response variables. These results replicate earlier studies on the effect of IPS in healthy human subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245457
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective impairments in the stress response in schizophrenic patients (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 149 (2000), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; Psychological stress ; Exercise ; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system ; Cortisol ; Coping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: In the vulnerability-stress concept of schizophrenia, schizophrenic patients are thought to display increased sensitivity to stress. Little is known about the biological mechanisms that are involved in stress processing in schizophrenic patients. In this study, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in schizophrenic patients was studied for its essential role in stress processing and adaptation to the environment. Methods: Eighteen schizophrenic patients were compared to 21 healthy controls in their salivary cortisol response to a physical (bicycle ergometry) and a psychosocial (public speaking) stressor. Coping questionnaires were included as a measure of stress processing at the psychological level. Basal HPA function was assessed by measuring cortisol day profiles and feedback activity by using dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. Results: Schizophrenic patients showed blunted cortisol responses to the psychosocial stressor, but not to the physical stressor, in spite of similar increases in heart rate. The cortisol response to the psychosocial stressor tended to be negatively correlated to the use of passive and avoidant coping strategies. Basal HPA function appeared intact in the schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: The findings show a selective impairment in the response to psychosocial stress in schizophrenic patients. This suggests the involvement of brain systems that play a role in the activation of the HPA system to psychosocial stress, like arginin-vasopressin (AVP), and cognitive processes, like coping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130000381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine on plasma arginine-vasopressin concentrations in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Arginine-vasopressin ; m-Chlorophenylpiperazine ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been demonstrated convincingly that ACTH and prolactin release are under the stimulatory control of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). Recent animal studies suggest that stimulation of 5HT activity also induces the release of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). More specifically, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), a 5HT agonist widely used to examine 5HT receptor responsivity in human subjects, has been found to induce AVP release in rodents. This study examined whether MCPP increased plasma AVP levels in healthy human subjects. MCPP was administered orally to 17 healthy subjects in a placebo-controlled design in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg. AVP was measured twice hourly over a 210 min period after administration of capsules. MCPP did not significantly alter AVP levels as compared to placebo. However, female subjects had significantly lower plasma AVP levels than males. Since it has been suggested that MCPP-induced AVP release in animals is due to stimulation of 5HT1c receptors, the fact that MCPP did not induce the release of AVP in humans suggests that either MCPP is not a potent 5HT1c agonist or that AVP is not released by stimulation of 5HT(1c) receptors in human subjects. The observation of gender differences in plasma AVP levels suggests that this factor should be taken into account in future studies of AVP secretion in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of indomethacin on plasma homovanillic acid concentration in normal subjects: a study of prostaglandin-dopamine interactions (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Homovanillic acid ; Prostaglandin ; Schizophrenia ; Indomethacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory animals, prostaglandins have been shown to act as endogenous neuromodulators of central dopamine (DA) activity. To examine the interaction between prostaglandins and DA in man, the effect of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, was studied on plasma concentrations of the DA metabolite, homovanillic acid (pHVA). Indomethacin (150 mg PO) as compared to placebo significantly elevated mean pHVA concentrations in eight normal subjects. Results of this study support the hypothesis that, as in animals, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis increases central DA turnover in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244081
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroendocrine evidence for serotonin receptor hypersensitivity in panic disorder (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 360-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Receptor hypersensitivity ; Anxiety ; Cortisol ; Panic disorder ; MCPP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Normal controls (NC) (n=15), patients with panic disorder (PD) (n=13) and patients with major depression (MD) (n=17) were challenged with a single, oral dose (0.25 mg/kg) of the selective 5HT agonist m-chlorophenyl-piperazine (MCPP) or placebo. Blood samples were assayed for cortisol and MCPP levels every 30 min. The PD group had an augmented cortisol release when compared to the other two groups. Finally, a significant correlation was found across all subjects between clinical anxiety level and cortisol release on MCPP. These data support the hypothesis of 5HT receptor hypersensitivity in PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216062
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin, dopamine and their interactions in schizophrenia (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 112 (1993), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245002
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dose-response study of intravenousm-chlorophenylpiperazine in normal subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. 388-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: MCPP ; Serotonin ; Dose-response ; Intravenous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A placebo-controlled dose-response study of the direct serotonin receptor agonistm-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), intravenously infused over 90 s in 0.06 and 0.08 mg/kg doses, was conducted in nine normal male subjects. Cortisol, prolactin, MCPP serum levels and behavioral responses were measured over a 210-min period. Both doses caused significant cortisol and prolactin release and were associated with significantly greater behavioral effects as compared to placebo. Though the two doses were associated with different MCPP serum levels, they did not significantly differ in their hormonal and behavioral effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245423
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