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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of Radiation-Induced Grafting by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 6 (1973), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60031a009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon plasma treatment of glass surfaces (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 3345-3352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of argon plasma treatment of glass surfaces is studied by FTIR and SEM. The argon plasma on cleaned glass surfaces resulted in increased surface area due to microetching and surface rearrangement of the silicate network as indicated by the observed changes in the Si-O stretching infrared absorption. The result was a relative increase in surface hydrophilicity which could be optimized by the plasma reaction conditions. The etching action of the argon plasma on the substrate surfaces facilitated the removal of the micrometre thick sizing from the commercial fibres accompanied by little loss in tensile strength. Plasma was also used to graft selected monomers to the surface of glass fibres for enhancement of bond compatibility in a composite system. This grafting treatment was followed by an argon etching step. The argon plasma action on the coated surfaces improved the wettability further and increased the sur face area. Changes in surface chemistry that accompanied the argon etching treatment were very subtle in the case of the plasma polymer of allylamine, but proved significant in the case of the plasma polymer of hexamethyldisiloxane. On the latter surfaces, rearrangement of the siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds to silylmethylene (Si-(CH2) n -Si) groups is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139063
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of plasma polymerization of allylamine by FTIR (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 1211-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The plasma polymerization of allylamine in an inductively coupled rf plasma reactor is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Comparison of the infrared spectra of the as-received monomer and the plasma polymerized film reveals a conversion of the primary amine in the monomer (—CH2—NH2) to an imine (—CH=NH) and a nitrile (C≡N). Plasma polymerization of ethylenediamine yields the same results, suggesting that this polymerization scheme may be typical of primary amines. Increasing the plasma power seems to increase the proportion of nitrile groups in relation to the imine groups. The infrared spectra of the vapor phase polymerized monomer was similar to that of the substrate-grafted allylamine film implying a similar structure. Aging of this vapor phase polymer at 120°C for 1 h in vacuum and at 295°C for 15 min in an oxygen free environment reveals nitrile group reaction similar to that observed in polyacrylonitrile. Thermogravimetric analyses of the vapor phase polymers in a nitrogen atmosphere at 20°C/min demonstrated the thermal stability, with the polymer produced at a plasma power level of 50 W retaining 20% of its weight at 1000°C. This was better than the stability shown by the polymer produced at 150 W and is attributed to the ease of nitrile group polymerization in the former.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform infrared analysis of plasma-polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 605-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plasma-induced polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane onto solid surfaces is studied by FTIR. An inductively coupled RF reactor was used to produce the thin polymer coatings. Analysis of the plasma polymer indicates a long chain polysiloxane structure resulting from the removal of some methyl groups from the monomer structure. Increasing the plasma power level from 30 to 100 W increased the chain length in the resultant polymer as indicated by the widening and splitting of the Si-O stretching absorptions. Thermal aging of the vapor phase polymer at 120°C for 1 h in vacuum and at 410°C for 30 min in a nitrogen atmosphere revealed the removal of some methyl groups from the polymer structure with temperature. TGA runs on the vapor phase polymer at 20°C/min in air showed the polymer retaining almost 65% of its weight at 1000°C. The residue remaining after the TGA run had very little organic content and may represent a glass type silicate network. Wettability values determined on coated glass slides revealed the hydrophobicity of the coatings with water contact angle values 〉 100°. SEM micrographs showed uniform and featureless coating on glass fibers which was etched by boiling water and was attributed to the loss of vapor phase polymer on the surface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer-ceramic composite for tooth-root implantPresented at the Seventh Annual International Biomaterials Symposium, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, April 26-30, 1975. (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 777-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A new polymer-ceramic composite suitable for tooth-root implants has been developed in this study. This material exhibited the desirable combination of good mechanical properties, controlled porosity, and ease of processing. A thermal processing technique was utilized to polymerize acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of either 0.3 or 0.05 μ alumina particles. Porosity and pore size distribution were influenced by the alumina particle size and the processing technique. For a 50 vol % AA solution, the composite had an average compressive strength of 18,000 psi and 38% porosity when 0.3 μ filler particles were used. In comparison, the 0.05 μ alumina-filled composite had an average compressive strength of 28,000 psi with a 15% porosity.Data on the physical and structural characteristics of the composite are presented in this study. Based on these results, the composite material shows good potential for use in tooth-root implants as well as other orthopedic implant applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820100510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification of spectra™-900 polyethylene fibers using RF-plasma (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: RF-plasma polymerization and bonding of allylamine onto ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) “Spectra™-900” is described using an inductively coupled plasma reactor. This process was found to enhance the interfacial strength between the fibers (Spectra-900) and room-temperature-cured epoxy matrix up to fivefold. Fibers covalently coated with allylamine plasma showed no loss in tensile strength, while argon gas plasma pretreatment of the same fibers caused up to 10% reduction in tensile strength depending on the energy and duration of the treatment. Optimum treatment was attained through a short argon plasma etching (15 s), followed by allylamine polymerization and coating for 3 min. The coating process was found to protect the fiber surface from etching by plasma ion bombardment. A loss of 19% of the original diameter was found during the 15 s precoating etching with argon plasma, indicating the sensitivity of the fiber structure to plasma etching.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of anhydride formation in poly(acrylic acid) and its effect on the properties of a PAA-alumina composite (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2137-2149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of anhydride formation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in porous PAA-alumina composites have been investigated by using a thermogravimetric technique (TGA). Three distinct reaction peaks at 200°C (I), 250°C (II), and 390°C (III) were identified in the dynamic TGA thermogram. These peaks were attributed to bound water removal (I), anhydride formation (II), and polymer degradation (III). The kinetics of the anhydride reaction were studied in a temperature range of 220-240°C and found to follow a second-order mechanism with an activation energy of approximately 38 kcal/mole. In addition, the bound water was found to inhibit the onset of anhydride formation. The degree of conversion to anhydride was correlated with the equilibrium swelling level attained by the composite in water.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of swelling on radiation-induced grafting of styrene to polyethylene (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 3329-3337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radiation-induced grafting of low-density polyethylene in contact with styrene solution was studied. The effect of the degree of swelling of the polymer on the rate of grafting was investigated by diluting the styrene with methanol and with n-octane. For styrene-methanol solution, the rate of grafting was found to increase with degree of swelling, passing through a maximum when the sorbed solvent reaches 6.2 wt-% (70 vol-% methanol in the outside solution) and decreasing therafter. The methanol fraction of the sorbed liquid is far too small to cause precipitation of the grafted chains and inhibition of their termination rate. The dilution of styrene by octane has no effect on the swelling of polyethylene, but it decreases the grafting rate over the entire concentration range. The results are explained in terms of the concentration of sorbed monomer and the viscosity of the amorphous region of the polyethylene swollen by nonpolar liquids. Supporting evidence for the mechanism is presented in the form of grafting kinetic data as a function of dose rate (2.8 × 102-9.5 × 104 rad/hr), and post-irradiation grafting measurements for polyethylene in methanol-styrene (70/30, v/v). The data indicate that at the maximum grafting rate an optimum is achieved between a high concentration of sorbed monomer and a low viscosity for the poorly swelled polymer matrix.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.150081125
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced grafting of styrene vapor to polyethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 1019-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radiation-induced grafting of styrene vapor to low-density polyethylene film of 0.063 mm thickness was studied at 23°C at a dose rate of 1.98 × 104 rad/hr. The concentration C of monomer in the film was measured as a function of pre-irradiation exposure time to monomer vapor. The concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient of styrene in polyethylene was calculated to be 4.9 × 10-9 exp {2.0C/C0} cm2/sec, where C0 is the saturation concentration of styrene in the film, and a linear boundary diffusion coefficient for styrene vapor into polyethylene film was found to be 2.0 × 10-7 cm/sec. The rate of grafting was determined as a function of the concentration of styrene absorbed in the film. The maximum graft yield was obtained with an initial styrene concentration in the film of 4 wt-%. Under conditions of low initial monomer concentration, the grafting rate increases with irradiation time. The results are compared with previously published data on grafting of polyethylene from methanol-styrene solutions. They are explained in terms of the viscosity of the amorphous region as a function of styrene content and the resistance to the diffusion of monomer at the film-vapor interface.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.150100407
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