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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizobium nod genes are involved in inducing an early nodulin gene (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 323 (1986), S. 564-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A 60-kb region of DNA from the R. leguminosarum symbiotic plasmid pRLUI carries a cluster of nodulation genes which is flanked by two groups of genes involved in nitrogen fixation7. Downie et al4 found that two overlapping cosmid clones of pRLUI-pIJ1089 and pi J108 5-containing a 10-kb region in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/323564a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independent replication and expression of B-component RNA of cowpea mosaic virus (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The molecular weights (MWs) of M and B RNAs are 1.37 x 106 and 2.02 x IO6, respectively9. Both RNAs possess a 3'-terminal poly(A) tail10 and a protein covalently linked to their 5' termini11'12. Translation in a wheat-germ cell-free system and in extracts from rabbit reticulocytes results in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286297a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the pea ENOD12B gene and expression analyses of the two ENOD12 genes in nodule, stem and flower tissue (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 228 (1991), S. 160-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: ENOD12 genes ; Gene expression ; Prolinerich proteins ; Root nodule ; Rhizobium-pea symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ENOD12 gene family in pea consists of two different members. The cDNA clone, pPsENOD12, represents the PsENOD12A gene. The second ENOD12 gene, PsENOD12B, was selected from a genomic library using pPsENOD12 as a probe and this gene was sequenced and characterized. The coding regions of the two genes are strikingly similar. Both encode proteins having a signal peptide sequence and a region with pentapeptide units rich in prolines. ENOD12A has a series of rather conserved repeating pentapeptide units, whereas in ENOD12B the number of pentapeptide units is less and these are less conserved. From the amino acid sequence it is obvious that the PsENOD12 genes encode proline-rich proteins which are closely related to proteins that have been identified as components of soybean cell walls (SbPRPs). Previously, Northern blot analyses had shown that ENOD12 genes are expressed in a tissues-pecific manner. A high expression level is found in Rhizobium-infected roots and in nodules, whereas expression in flower and stem is lower. This raised the question of which gene is expressed where and when. The availability of the sequences of both ENOD12 genes allowed us to analyse the expression of the two genes separately. Specific oligonucleotides were used to copy the ENOD12 mRNAs and to amplify the cDNAs in a polymerase chain reaction. It was demonstrated that in all the tissues containing ENOD12 mRNA, both genes PsENOD12A and PsENOD12B are transcribed and that the relative amounts of PsENOD12A and PsENOD12B mRNA within each tissue are more or less equal. Moreover, the expression pattern during infection and nodule development is the same for the two genes. These results show that two closely related genes have the same tissue-specific expression pattern and that the gene that we have isolated is an actively transcribed gene. The 2.7 kb genomic region that contains the PsENODI2B gene has a 41 pb nearly direct repeat in the 5′ flanking region of the gene (between -1447 and -1153) and another 14 by direct repeat 3' downstream (between 550 and 626). The region between the AGGA box and the TATA box has a striking homology with the same region in SbPRP genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cDNA cloning and developmental expression of pea nodulin genes (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 8 (1987), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: nodulin cDNA clones ; nodulin gene expression ; pea nodulins ; Rhizobium-legume symbiosis ; root nodule development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA library prepared from pea nodule poly(A)+ RNA was screened by differential hybridization with cDNA probes synthesized from root and nodule RNA respectively. From the cDNA clones that hybridized exclusively with the nodule probe five clones, designated pPsNod 6, 10, 11, 13 and 14 and each containing unique sequences, were further characterized together with one leghemoglobin and one “root-specific” cDNA clone. In vitro translation of RNA selected by the pPsNod clones showed that the corresponding genes encode nodulins with molecular weights ranging from 5 800 to 19 000. During pea root nodule development expression of the five PsNod genes starts more or less concomitantly with the onset of nitrogen fixing activity in the nodules and the time course of appearance and accumulation of the nodulin mRNAs is similar to that of leghemoglobin mRNA. In ineffective pea root nodules expression of the PsNod genes is induced but the final accumulation levels of the mRNAs are markedly reduced to various degrees. The expression of another nodulin gene, designated ENOD2, was followed using a heterologous soybean cDNA clone as probe. In pea root nodules the ENOD2 gene is expressed at least five days before the PsNod and leghemoglobin genes, and in contrast to the PsNod mRNAs the concentration of the ENOD2 mRNA is the same in wild type and fix - nodules. The results described suggest that in root nodules several regulatory mechanisms exist which determine the final nodulin mRNA amounts accumulating in the root nodule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015820
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizobium nod genes are involved in the induction of two early nodulin genes in Vicia sativa root nodules (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 9 (1987), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; nodulin gene expression ; Rhizobium ; root nodule ; sym-plasmid ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nodulin gene expresison was studied in Vicia sativa (common vetch) root nodules induced by several Rhizobium and Agrobacterium strains. An Agrobacterium transconjugant containing a R. leguminosarum symplasmid instead of its Ti-plasmid, that was previously shown to form “empty” nodules on pea, induced nodules on Vicia roots in which nodule cells were infected with bacteria. In the Vicia nodules induced by this transconjugant, two so-called early nodulin genes were found to be expressed, whereas in the nodules formed on pea the expression of only one early nodulin gene was detected. In both cases the majority of the nodulin genes was not expressed. Apparently, an intracellular location of the bacteria is not sufficient for the induction of the majority of the nodulin genes. All nodulin genes were expressed in nodules induced by cured Rhizobium strains containing cosmid clones that have a 10 kb nod region of the sym-plasmid in common. Since in tumours no nodulin gene expression was found at all, the Agrobacterium chromosome does not contribute to the induction of nodulin genes. Therefore it is concluded that the signal for the induction of the expression of the two Vicia early nodulin genes is encoded by the nod-region, and the signal involved in the induction of all other nodulin genes has to be located outside the sym-plasmid, on the Rhizobium chromosome. The apparent difference in early nodulin gene expression between pea and Vicia is discussed in the light of the usefulness of Agrobacterium transconjugants in the study of nodulin gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015649
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation genes in gene expression in pea root hairs (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: deformation factor ; gene expression ; pea ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; root hairs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mRNA population in pea root hairs was characterized by means of in vitro translation of total root hair RNA followed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translation products. Root hairs contain several mRNAs not detectable in total RNA preparations from roots. Most of these root hair-specific mRNAs occur in elongating root hairs at higher levels than in mature root hairs. The expression of some genes in pea root hairs is typically affected by inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum. One gene, encoding RH-42, is specifically induced while the expression of another gene, encoding RH-44, is markedly enhanced. Using R. leguminosarum mutants it was shown that the nodC gene is required for the induction and enhancement of expression of the RH-42 and RH-44 genes, respectively, while the Rhizobium chromosomal gene pss1, involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis, is not essential. After induction of the nod genes with apigenin the bacteria excrete into the culture medium a factor that causes root hair deformation. This deformation factor stimulates the expression of the RH-44 gene but does not induce the expression of the gene encoding RH-42.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid phosphatase-11, a tightly linked molecular marker for root-knot nematode resistance in tomato: from protein to gene, using PCR and degenerate primers containing deoxyinosine (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 647-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: acid phosphatase ; deoxyinosine-containing primers ; polymerase chain reaction ; restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ; root-knot nematode resistance ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With a view to cloning the root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi in tomato by chromosome walking, we have developed a molecular probe for the tightly linked acid phosphatase-1 (Aps-1) locus. The acid phosphatase-1 allozyme (APS-11), encoded by the Aps-1 1 allele originating from Lycopersicon peruvianum, was purified to apparent homogeneity from tomato roots and suspension cells. Microsequencing of CNBr and tryptic peptides generated from APS-11 provided a partial amino acid sequence, which accounted for approximately 23% of the protein and revealed two stretches of homology with soybean proteins KSH3 and VSP27, comprising 22 matches within 26 amino acid residues. The partial amino acid sequence information enabled us to isolate a 2.4 kb genomic Aps-1 1 sequence by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), primed by degenerate pools of oligodeoxyribonucleotides, synthesized on the basis of the amino acid sequences. Synthesis of the 2.4 kb PCR product was specific for genomic templates carrying the L. peruvianum Aps-1 1 allele. Crucial to the priming specificity and the synthesis of the 2.4 kb genomic sequence was the use of degenerate primer pools in which the number of different primer species was limited by incorporating deoxyinosine phosphate residues at three and four base ambiguities. In using cDNA as a template, a 490 bp sequence was obtained, indicating a high proportion of intron sequences in the 2.4 kb genomic Aps-1 1 sequence. The Aps-1 1 origin of the PCR product was confirmed by RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis, using both a chromosome 6 substitution line and a pair of nearly isogenic lines, differing for a small chromosomal region around the Aps-1/Mi loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023429
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and phenotypical characterization of a cluster of fix genes, including a nif regulatory gene, from Rhizobium leguminosarum PRE (1985)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 200 (1985), S. 368-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A nif regulatory gene in R. leguminosarum PRE was identified by interspecies DNA hybridization and site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis. Significant homology was found with the K. pneumoniae nifA locus, a R. meliloti symbiotic regulatory gene and E. coli ntrC; Tn5 insertions within this nifA gene inhibit the expression of the nifHDK operon, encoding synthesis of the nitrogenase polypeptides. Specific DNA hybridization also was detected between a downstream adjacent part of the PRE sym plasmid and the R. leguminosarum 248 fixZ gene, a homologue of the K. pneumoniae nifB locus. To detect further fix genes we investigated a region of the sym plasmid which is localized within a short distance upstream from the nifA gene and is transcribed selectively at a high rate during symbiosis. This approach revealed the existence of a fix cluster in which Tn5-mutations cause a Fix- phenotype although wild-type levels of nitrogenase synthesis were detectable. In a sym plasmid fragment, which is immediately upstream adjacent to the nifA locus and only moderately expressed in Rhizobium bacteroids, a second fix gene conferring the same symbiotic phenotype was detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425719
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and nucleotide sequence of a novel gene fixW upstream of the fixABC operon in Rhizobium leguminosarum (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 536-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Nitrogen fixation ; nif/fix genes ; Escherichia coli minicells ; Transcription regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary On the Rhizobium leguminosarum PRE sym plasmid, fixABC and a novel gene fixW were identified upstream of the regulatory gene nifA. The molecular masses of FixABC, 29, 44 and 50 kDa respectively, were estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and of FixW, 25 kDa, by PAGE and nucleotide sequencing. Hybridization studies using bacteroid mRNA as a probe showed that fixABC is one operon which can be transcribed independently of fixW. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that both fixW and fixA are preceded by a nif consensus promoter. The fixA promoter partly overlaps the 3′-terminal coding region of fixW, indicating that readthrough from fixW into fixA is possible. Two open reading frames, ORF71 and ORF79, precede fixW and form one operon with fixW. ORF71 contains sequences homologous to the fixA promoter and 5′-terminal coding region. One more duplication of fixA sequences was detected, also located within the sym plasmid nif/fix clusters. One duplication of fixW sequences was found. No fixW homologue could be found in other nitrogen fixing organisms except in a number of R. leguminosarum strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332421
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