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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Properties of a Liquid-Crystalline Polyurethanes Containing Biphenyl Mesogen (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 321-323 (Oct. 2006), p. 1385-1388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new type of thermotropic main-chain liquid crystalline polyurethanes containingbiphenyl units was synthesized by polyaddition reaction of diisocyanates such as 2,6-tolylenediisocyanate, 2,5-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,with 4,4′-Bis(11-hydroxyundeyloxy)biphenyl (BP11). The structure of the monomer and thecorresponding polymers were confirmed FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic methods. BP11 exhibiteda smectic type mesophase, however, nematic phase was found for all synthesized liquid crystallinepolyurethanes except for 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate/BP11 based polyurethane. For example,polyurethane 2,5-TDI/BP11 exhibited monotropic liquid crystallinity in the temperature ranges from173 to 156 °C on the cooling stage
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.321-323.1385.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced spore production ofBacillus thuringiensis by fed-batch culture (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 721-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Fed-batch culture was carried out to increase cell mass followed by batch culture for spore production ofbacillus thuringiensis. High cell mass obtained by increasing the feeding glucose concentration in constant fed-batch culture which supported fast cell growth resulted in good sporulation during subsequent batch culture, and the maximum cell mass of 72.6 g/L and spore concentration of 1.25×1010 spores/mL could be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021650
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Bacillus thuringiensis spores in total cell retention culture and two-stage continuous culture using an internal ceramic filter system (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1107-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; spore ; internal membrane filter ; two-stage continuous culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of Bacillus thuringiensis spores was investigated in a bioreactor incorporating a ceramic membrane filter to improve spore concentration and volumetric productivity. Two cultivation methods were used in this study: a total cell retention culture (TCRC), and a two-stage continuous culture with partial cell bleeding. In the TCRC, fed by 50 g/L of glucose, a spore concentration of 1.6 × 1010 CFU/mL was obtained with a spore percentage of greater than 95% and a maximum cell mass of 82.2 g/L. The volumetric productivity was four times higher than that obtained from batch cultivation. In the two-stage continuous culture with partial cell bleeding spore concentration was strongly dependent on the bleed ratio. The spore concentration of 1.8 × 109 CFU/mL and the spore percentage of 70% were obtained at the second stage when a bleed ratio of 0.33 and a dilution rate of 0.23 h-1 were used. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420913
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