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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyology and nuclear DNA quantification of four species ofChaetomorpha (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from the western Atlantic (1991)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 45 (1991), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are given for four species ofChaetomorpha from the warm temperate and tropical western Atlantic. The basic chromosome number is six, with three median and three submedian chromosomes.Chaetomorpha species represent a polyploid series, with numbers of 12, 18 and 24 found in the present study. Microspectrophotometry data for each species were quantified by reference to standards with known DNA contents. Results indicate similar 2X =1C=12 genome sizes forC. aerea (0.20 pg) andC. brachygona (0.26 pg), and forC. antennina (0.53 pg) andC. melagonium (0.58 pg). These findings are compared with karyological features ofCladophora species to characterize the karyology of the cladophoralean genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02365520
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) identification of genetic variation in three species ofPorphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: amplification fragment length polymorphism ; Bangiales ; DNA amplification ; polymerase chain reaction ; Porphyra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to characterize three species ofPorphyra from the western North Atlantic and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Twenty 10-mer primers were screened for DNA amplification usingPorphyra template DNA. Nine of these oligonucleotide primers, all (G+C)-rich, were positive or band-producing, but yielded poor or variable band resolution. Subsequent use of the universal 20-mer M 13 primer resulted in both clear band resolution with a minimum of secondary bands and a high degree of reproducibility. Amplification products for DNA from six regional isolates ofPorphyra carolinensis Coll et Cox,P. leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis andP. rosengurttii Coll et Cox were compared to each other and toBangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh. Results provide evidence of both genetically hetero- and homogeneous populations. Use of the RAPD method with the M 13 primer yields amplification products which can be used to fingerprint specific genotypes. This procedure could be used to discriminate between hetero- and homokaryotic fusion products from previously characterized donor strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181937
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyology, nuclear genome quantification and characterization of the carrageenophytesEucheuma andKappaphycus (Gigartinales) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 8 (1996), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: carrageenan ; cytophotometry ; Eucheuma ; Gigartinales ; Kappaphycus ; nuclear genome ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity in the carrageenophyteKappaphycus alvarezii. Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast (12%), intermediate (38%) and slow (50%) fractions. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI confirmed ploidy level differences in the gametophytic and tetrasporophytic phases. Comparison of mean nuclear DNA (I f ) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in pg/2C genome estimates:Eucheuma denticulatum=0.35,E. isiforme=0.44,Kappaphycus alvarezii=0.32 andK. striatum=0.42. Karyological studies of tetraspore mother cells during diakinesis using aceto-orcein revealed a chromosome complement of 10 forEucheuma denticulatum andKappaphycus alvarezii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186324
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery and development of parasexual fusion products inEnteromorpha linza (L.) J. Ag. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 1 (1989), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Enteromorpha ; epifluorescence DNA determination ; genetic engineering ; parasexual fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Newly released zoospores fromEnteromorpha linza (L.) J. Ag. lack significant cellulose cell wall material and are suitable for treatment as protoplasts in a parasexual fusion process using high pH-Ca+ +, PEG and centrifugation. Treated zoospores settled on glass cover slips within 3 h and were examined microscopically at 1000 ×. Presumptive fusion products were identified by their larger size and presence of twin chloroplasts and eyespots. Unfused zoospores adjacent to fusion cells were killed by 2–3 min exposure to blue light (410–490 nm) from a high pressure mercury illuminator. Unexposed fusion cells developed into uniseriate germlings within 10 days at which stage they could be readily identified at 60 × with a dissecting microscope and isolated by micropipette. Ten-day germlings from both unfused zoospores and fusion cells were stained with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome hydroethidine and relative nuclear DNA content determined with epi-(incident) UV illumination. All germlings were found to be uninucleate. Germlings from unfused zoospores had haploid nuclei with 1N = 10 and 1C and 2C levels of DNA, while germlings from fusion cells had diploid nuclei with 2N = 20 and 2C and 4C levels of DNA. These result are interpreted as evidence of karyogamy following parasexual zoospore fusions. Isolated diploid germlings, cultured for 10 weeks were found to conserve their 2N chromosome complements and elevated levels of nuclear DNA. Although most diploid germlings were morphologically similar to haploid control plants, some exhibited ‘gigas’ characteristics, including larger cells, chloroplasts, and nuclei. These results are discussed in terms of unique phenotypes that result when nuclear and organellar genes are combined in different ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003649
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA reassociation kinetics in the Gracilariales (Rhodophyta) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Gracilaria ; Gracilariales ; Gracilariopsis ; nuclear genome ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine inter- and intraspecific variation in genome organization and complexities in species ofGracilaria andGracilariopsis. Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast, intermediate and slow fractions. Repeated sequences varied from 13–95%. Three geographic populations ofGracilaria tikvahiae were similar with 13–27% repeated sequences.Gracilaria sp. cultivars G-1 and G-6 with 35% and 95% repeated sequences, respectively, were distinct from each other andG. tikvahiae. No pattern of genome organization and complexity was found which permitted a distinction betweenGracilaria andGracilariopsis. Comparison of the percent of unique and repetitive sequences (U/R) indicated a wide range of ratios, withGracilaria tikvahiae populations having the highest values (2.7–7.3) andGracilaria sp. cultivar G-6,G. blodgettii andGracilariopsis lemanieformis the lowest (0.05–1.80). Unique component complexities varied one order of magnitude, from 108 forGracilaria takvahiae to 107 forGracilaria sp. cultivar G-6,G. blodgettii andGracilariopsis lemanieformis. Information for genome size, organization and complexity is used to develop a nuclear genome profile forGracilaria blodgettii andGracilariopsis lemanieformis which are characterized by commercial grade agars having high gel strengths (〉 700 g cm−2) and elevated melting temperatures (99 °C).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear genome characterization of the carrageenophyteAgardhiella subulata (Rhodophyta) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 4 (1992), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Agardhiella ; carrageenophyte ; cytophotometry ; Gigartinales ; nuclear genome ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity inAgardhiella subulata (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Results indicate the presence of three second-order components corresponding to fast (22%), intermediate (68%) and slow (10%) fractions. Thus, the genome consists of 90% repetitive sequences. Microspectrophotoometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI was used to confirm ploidy level differences in the gametophytic and tetrasporophytic phases. Results indicate that meiosis occurs during tetrasporogenesis. Comparison of mean nuclear DNA (If) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.9 pg/2C genome forAgardhiella. Karyological studies using aceto-orcein revealed a chromosome complement of 2N = 44 in carposporangia and the presence of 22 bivalents during diakinesis of tetraspore mother cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442461
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear genome characterization of the carrageenophyteHypnea musciformis (Rhodophyta) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: carrageenophyte ; cytophotometry ; Gigartinales ; Hypnea ; nuclear genome ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity in the carrageenophyteHypnea musciformis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast (2%), intermediate (33%) and slow (65%) fractions. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI confirmed ploidy level differences in the gametophytic and tetrasporophytic phases. Elevated (endopolyploid) nuclear DNA levels were observed in both gametophytic and cystocarpic tissue. Comparison of mean nuclear DNA (If) values to chicken erthrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.22 pg/2 C genome forHypnea musciformis. Karyological studies using aceto-orcein revealed a chromosome complement of five bivalents during diakinesis of tetraspore mother cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185897
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyology and agar analysis of the agarophyteGelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmannet Hamel from the Philippines (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: agar ; cytophotometry ; Gelidiales ; Gelidiella ; karyology ; Philippines ; seaweeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI demonstrated ploidy level differences in tetrasporophytic and presumptive gametophytic phases ofGelidiella acerosa from the Philippines. Comparison of mean nuclear DNA (I f ) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.32 pg/2 C genome. Karyological studies with aceto-orcein revealed a chromosome complement of six bivalents during diakinesis of tetrasporocytes. The agar yield ranges from 13–24% dry weight, depending on the method of extraction. Agar extraction in 1 N NaOH resulted in an increased gel strength of 189 g cm−2 at 1.5% concentration. Infrared spectroscopy indicated a relatively high sulfate content in native agar. The low (61 °) melting temperature is indicative of high sulfation and small molecular size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear genome characterization and carrageenan analysis ofGymnogongrus griffithsiae (Rhodophyta) from North Carolina (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 5 (1993), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: carrageenan ; cytophotometry ; Gigartinales ; Gymnogongrus ; nuclear genome ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity inGymnogongrus griffithsiae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast (3%), intermediate (8%) and slow (89%) fractions. Thus the genome consists mainly of unique sequences. Thermal denaturation (T m) indicated a nuclear DNA base pair composition of 40 mol% G + C. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI was used to confirm ploidy level differences in the gametophytic and tetrasporoblastic phases. Comparisons of mean nuclear DNA (I f) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.32 pg/2 C genome forGymnogongrus griffithsiae. Karyological studies using aceto-orcein revealed the presence of ca. 23 bivalents during diakinesis of tetrasporangial mother cells. Total carrageenan content in water extraction was 30% dry weight. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the isolated carrageenan to be the iota-fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182427
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification and characterization of nuclear genomes in commercial red seaweeds (Gracilariales) from the Philippines (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 8 (1996), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: agar ; agarophyte ; Gracilaria ; Gracilariales ; Gracilariopsis ; Hydropuntia ; nuclear genome ; Philippines ; reassociation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight species of Gracilariaceae from the Philippines, representing the generaGracilaria, Gracilariopsis andHydropuntia, were investigated to quantify and characterize their nuclear genomes. DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity in six of these species. Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast, intermediate and slow fractions. Repetitive sequences varied from 13–74% and unique DNA ranged from 26–84%. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI was used to quantify nuclear DNA contents. Comparisons of mean nuclear DNA (I f ) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.38–0.43 pg/2 C genomes for seven of the species investigated. Preliminary analyses of agar content and quality confirm the economic potential ofGracilaria firma, Gracilaria sp. 2 from Sorsogon andGracilariopsis bailinae. Nuclear genome profiles developed from data for genome size, organization and complexity are compared with data for agar quantity and quality. Gel quality and quantity do not appear to be correlated with either large repetitive fraction DNA or a high degree of genome complexity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186315
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