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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal-detection outcomes on heartbeat and respiratory resistance detection tasks in male and female subjects (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 30 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Male and female subjects were compared on heartbeat, respiratory resistance, and light-tone signal-detection tasks. Subjects judged whether a series of 10 tones was coincident with their heartbeats; whether an external load added to the airway was either present or absent during targeted inspiratory cycles; and whether a series of 10 light flashes was matched with auditory tones presented following a fixed delay of either 50 or 100 ms. Nonparametric indices of perceptual sensitivity and response bias indicated that men were more sensitive than women on the resistive load task (p 〈 .05) and on the heartbeat task (p= .07). Performance on the light-tone task was virtually identical. All subjects used a stricter criterion on the respiratory resistance task than on either the heartbeat or the light-tone task; women employed a stricter criterion than men on the heartbeat task. The gender differences may be understood in terms of lateralization of central processing of somesthetic sensory information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03347.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Event-related potentials to airway occlusion in young and old subjects (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to both inspiratory and expiratory airway occlusion in young (21-28 years) and old (55–67 years) subjects under both attend and ignore conditions. Early and late components of the ERP (N1, P2, N2, P3) were observed to both types of occlusions in both conditions. Variations in these components were consistent in both direction and degree with those observed in oddball tasks employing exteroceptive stimuli. ERPs for breathing may serve to clarify sensory attributes of respiratory stimuli in humans and to identify central processing abnormalities in patient populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03303.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMMENT ON TWO RECENT REPORTS OF OPERANT HEART RATE CONDITIONING (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 5 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This paper examined two reports of operant heart rate (HR) conditioning, one of which reported apparently successful cardiac slowing, and the other apparently successful cardiac speeding. Although the authors of these two studies concluded that they had demonstrated instrumental modification of HR independent of somatic mediators, this review of their results indicated that voluntary activity was a crucial mediator of the obtained effects. New statistical analyses were presented to support the notion that Ss’ cognitive and somatic activities influenced HR change more than the reinforcement contingencies utilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02816.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and heartbeat detection (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This experiment tested the hypothesis that inotropic cardiovascular reactivity to stress is related to performance on heartbeat discrimination tasks. The experiment also compared the efficacy of a specific modification of two popular heartbeat discrimination paradigms, Whitehead's and Katkin's. Subjects were 48 male undergraduates who performed both discrimination tasks and then were subjected to mental arithmetic stress. Results indicated that high cardiovascular reactors were better detectors than low reactors. Results also indicated that subjects performed better on the modified Whitehead task than on the modified Katkin task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02211.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood, Sweat, and Tears: Individual Differences in Autonomic Self-Perception (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This paper analyzes the role of autonomic activity and its perception in the experience and expression of emotion. A series of experiments is described in which an objective methodology for the assessment of heartbeats is developed and used to test a variety of hypotheses about the relationships among heartbeat perception, arousal, and emotion. The data indicate that there are substantial individual differences in the ability to learn to detect heartbeats. Primary among these individual differences is gender–males appear to learn the discrimination more readily than females. Further, when arousal is induced either by physical or psychological stimuli, accuracy of heartbeat detection is increased. The accuracy of heartbeat detection is also related to self-report of affective experience, and may be subserved by functions of the right cerebral hemisphere. The role of cardiodynamics in heartbeat perception is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01573.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral Lateralization and Heartbeat Discrimination (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 21 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This study examined individual differences in visceral perception as a function of cerebral lateral preference as assessed by conjugate lateral eye movements. Subjects were classified as “left movers” (i.e., right hemisphere preferent) or “right movers” (i.e., left hemisphere preferent). “Right movers” performed at chance level on a heartbeat detection task, whereas “left movers” performed significantly above chance. With knowledge-of-results (KOR) training all subjects showed a significant increment in performance, but the left movers maintained their superiority. These results support the hypothesis that performance on a visceral perception task may be subserved by relative activation of the right hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02934.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual Differences in Heartbeat Discrimination (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 19 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In this experiment 41 subjects were trained to discriminate their own heartbeats and to discriminate an external signal. The subjects were divided into electrodermally labile and stabile subgroups. An important feature of the experiment was the development of a new procedure for assessing heartbeat discrimination, using signal detection theory methods. The results confirmed prior findings that subjects are unable to discriminate their own heartbeats without training, but that they can team such discrimination. It was also found that electrodermally labile subjects learned the heartbeat discrimination but electrodermally stabile subjects did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02538.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voluntary Heart Rate Control as a Function of Individual Differences in Electrodermal Lability (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 16 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Twenty-four male subjects were run in a paradigm in which they were first asked to rest for 10 min and then given 20 1-min training trials of analog and digital feedback of their heart rate, with instructions to increase the rate. Subjects were rewarded with 0.2 cents for each interbeat interval that was faster than a designated criterion. Subjects were subdivided into “labile” and “stabile” groups on the basis of frequency of spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations during the baseline period. Mean heart rate for the training trials was compared with the baseline period for the most labile and most stabile subjects. Results indicated that there was a significant treatment effect for stabile subjects only, but not for labile subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01486.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro dermal Lability: An Attempt to Measure Its Psychological Correlates (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 13 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Differences in electro dermal lability (frequency of spontaneous fluctuations in skin resistance) have been shown to predict certain types of behavior. Further, electro dermal lability has in some cases been related in psychometric measures of personality. The purpose or this experiment was to develop a self-report inventory which would predict electro dermal lability. A pool of 478 items was administered to 120 male undergraduate students. These students were subsequently tested for electro dermal lability level. Corelational and X2 analyses were employed to identify items which were significantly related to electro dermal lability. Then these items were subjected m linear discriminate function analysis to determine their optimal weighting. Although 34 items were initial) identified as significant predictors, split-sample analyses suggested that the predictors would nut replicate. Previous findings which have suggested a relationship between Electro Dermal lability and personality variables such as anxiety were discussed. It was concluded that although electro dermal lability is a reliable predictor of certain responses, it is not readily related to traditional self-descriptive psychometrics. The interpretation supports the view (hat autonomic functions are independent of self-awareness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1976.tb03079.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of trial order and differential conditioning on acquisition of differential shock expectancy and skin conductance conditioning to masked stimuli (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Research suggests that when people are fear conditioned to masked spiders and snakes (electric shocks are contingent on only spiders or snakes), they acquire a conditional skin conductance response and can predict the occurrence of shocks even though they are unable to identify the masked spiders and snakes. Because in prior studies trial order was not completely random, it is unclear if findings were due to the contingencies from differential conditioning or a restricted trial order or both. When participants were assigned to four groups to disentangle effects of trial order and differential conditioning to masked pictures in acquisition, effects were obtained only for trial order. These findings demonstrate that trial order can result in conditioning. However, because effects were observed even for participants who reported unawareness of the contingency from trial order, results are consistent with the notion of hunches or gut feelings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.00117
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