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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 57 (1996), S. 354-365 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of the present study was to study profile changes following orthodontic harmonization of enlarged overjet and to attempt to trace predictive aspects regarding prognosis of the soft tissue changes. Lateral cephalograms and study models of 40 female patients, at least 12 years old at the start of treatment, with an overjet of ≥ 6 mm were analyzed before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Twenty patients were treated without extractions, while in the remaining 20 patients extractions of premolars were carried out bilaterally in both jaws. The 2 groups were found to be highly homogenous as regards overjet, cephalometric characteristics, space condition in the upper arch at T1 and both at T1 and T2 as regards age. The most striking aspect of the findings was the considerable amount of variability of the soft tissue changes. These changes were found to be rather unpredictable for the individual patient, since the regression models employed could give only a very wide individual prediction range. The relatively small changes registered, using superimposition methods, in both groups as regards the sagittal position of the lips in comparison to the very strong changes observed in relation to the esthetic line shows that the influence of the growth of the chin and/or the nose on the facial profile might be more important than the influence of the orthodontic treatment. The interpretation of the findings in the present study suggests that, apart from marked cases of skeletal convexity or concavity, the extraction versus non-extraction decision should be based primarily upon current knowledge of long-term stability of orthodontic treatment results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie war, Profilveränderungen im Zusammenhang mit der kieferorthopädischen Harmonisierung einer vergrößerten Frontzahnstufe zu analysieren und die Möglichkeiten einer Vorhersage von Weichteiländerungen zu ermitteln. Fernröntgenseitenbilder und Modelle von 40 weiblichen Patienten, mindestens zwölf Jahre alt bei Beginn der Behandlung und mit einer Frontzahnstufe ≥ 6 mm, wurden vor (T1) und nach der Behandlung (T2) analysiert, 20 der Patienten wurden ohne Extraktion behandelt, während bei den übrigen 20 Patienten Extraktionen von Prämolaren bilateral in beiden Kiefern durchgeführt wurden. Die zwei Gruppen waren sehr homogen hinsichtlich der Frontzahnstufe, kephalometrischer Charakteristika und der Platzverhältnisse im oberen Zahnbogen bei T1 sowie hinsichtlich des Alters bei T1 und T2. Der bemerkenswerteste Aspekt der Ergebnisse war die beachtliche Variabilität der Weichteilveränderungen. Diese Änderungen waren im einzelnen schlecht prognostizierbar und die benutzten Regressionsmodelle lieferten einen breiten individuellen Vorhersagespielraum. Bei der Anwendung der Überlagerungsmethode waren die Veränderungen der sagittalen Lippenposition relativ klein im Vergleich zu den ausgeprägten Veränderungen, die sich bei Heranziehung der Ästhetiklinie als Referenzlinie ergaben. Daraus läßt sich ableiten, daß der Einfluß des Wachstums von Nase und/oder Kinn auf das Gesichtsprofil wichtiger sein könnte als der Einfluß der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung. Die Interpretation der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie führt zu der Empfehlung, daß die Extraktion/Nichtextraktion-Entscheidung primär auf das aktuelle Wissen über die Langzeitstabilität der kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsresultate gestützt werden sollte, ausgenommen davon sind Befunde mit ausgeprägter Konvexität oder Konkavität des Gesichtsprofils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 55 (1994), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this study treatment progress and treatment results of a consecutively treated group of 44 patients displaying a Class II malocclusion were evaluated in their relationship to the treatment goal. 41% of the patients had come to see the orthodontist on the advice of their family dentist but without any subjective problems as regards their tooth postition. In 43% of the patients the treatment could not be finished in accordance with the treatment plan. In approximately 2/3 of these cases the reasons for the compromised results were due to patient cooperation problems. In the other 1/3 various types of treatment problems were encountered with loss of anchorage being the most typical. Over the entire treatment period patient cooperation was good in only approximately 50% of the cases. Oral hygiene was good in 27% of the patients at the first consultation appointment, but during the course of treatment this percentage increased to 64%. 85% of the patients expressed statisfaction with treatment results, but 34% of the patients did find the treatment to have been a burden. Enamel decalcifications were noticed in eleven patients. In another eleven patients root resorption of more than 2 mm of at least one upper incisor was noted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie wurde dem Verlauf und den Ergebnissen der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung von 44 fortlaufend abgeschlossenen Klasse-II-Fällen in Relation zum Behandlungsziel nachgegangen. 41% der Patienten waren aufgrund einer Überweisung des Hauszahnarztes und ohne eigenes Anliegen zur kieferorthopädischen Beratung erschienen. Die Behandlung konnte bei 43% der Patienten nicht regulär abgeschlossen werden. Die Gründe für eine Kompromißbehandlung waren zu etwa zwei Drittel patientenabhängig und zu einem Drittel behandlungstechnisch bedingt, mit Verankerungsverlust als häufigstem Problem. Die Mitarbeit während der Behandlung konnte insgesamt bei nur knapp der Hälfte der Patienten als gut bezeichnet werden. Die Mundhygiene war bei der ersten Beratung bei 27% der Patienten gut, konnte aber während der Behandlung auf 64% gesteigert werden. 85% der Patienten waren mit dem Ergebnis der KFO-Behandlung zufrieden, 34% bezeichneten jedoch die Behandlung als belastend. Bei elf Patienten kam es zu Schmelzentkalkungen, bei elf mußten Wurzelresorptionen von mehr als 2 mm an mindestens einem oberen Schneidezahn festgestellt werden.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A study was undertaken to compare the psycho-social aspects of orthodontic treatment or nontreatment of female adults, 25 of whom underwent treatment and 25 of whom did not with similar, visible malocclusion. Interviews, for which 52 standardized questions were prepared in collaboration with a graduate psychologist, served as the methodological basis of the study. The results of the study indicate that in relation to the aesthetic aspects of orthodontic treatment, the treated group showed a high degree of sensitivity and self perception. Following orthodontic treatment members of this group exhibited a highly significant improvement in their subjective perception of the aesthetic aspects of their dental and facial appearance. In spite of the differences observed in the 2 groups, it nevertheless remains difficult to draw general conclusions or to recommend guidelines which would cover all cases. When the question is to orthodontically treat or not treat female adults the answer rests with the individual patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die psychosozialen Aspekte von 25 erwachsenen Frauen mit durchgefühiter kieferorthopädischer Behandlung und 25 Frauen mit ähnlichen, aber unbehandelten Zahnfehlstellungen wurden verglichen. Grundlage für die Untersuchung waren Interviews, die auf 52 standardisierten Fragen basierten und in Zusammenarbeit mit einem Diplompsychologen ausgearbeitet worden waren. Die Ergebnisse deuten in bezug auf dentale Ästhetik auf einen höheren Grad an Sensibilität und Selbstwahrnehmung in der Behandlungsgruppe hin. In der Behandlungsgruppe war eine hochsignifikante Besserung der Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen dentofazialen Ästhetik als Folge der kiefetorthopädischen Behandlung zu vermerken. Trotz der beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen scheint es schwierig, verallgemeinernde Konkhisionen zu ziehen oder Richtlinien für den Einzelfall aufzustellen wenn es um die Frage geht: kieferorthopädische Behandlung oder nicht bei einer erwachsenen Patientin?
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of orofacial orthopedics 57 (1996), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 1615-6714
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A pair of 11.5-year-old monozygotic twin boys — with a class I occlusion, deep bite and crowding in the lower arch — was presented for orthodontic treatment. One of them was treated in combination with extraction of 4 premolars while in the other the treatment was carried out without extractions. The superimposition of the pretreatmeht cephalometric tracings on the N-Pog line displayed minimal differencesin the sagittal position of the incisors and no differences in the soft tissue profile. As a result of protrusion of the incisors in the nonextraction case and retrusion in the extraction case, a sagittal difference of 7.0 mm for the incision superius and 5.5 mm for the incision inferius was registered between the twins in relation to the N-Pog line at the end of treatment. However, the corresponding soft tissue differences were only 2.0 mm for the labrale superius and 3.2 mm for the labrale inferius and seemed to be reduced 1 year later.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein monozygotes Zwillingspaar — zwei Jungen im Alter von 11,5 Jahren — mit Klasse-I-Qkklusion, tiefem Biß und Engstand im Unterkieferzahnbogen stellte sich zur kieferorthopädischen Behandlung vor. Bei einem der beiden Patienten wurde die Behandlung kombiniert mit einer Extraktion von vier Prämolaren, bei dem anderen wurde keine Extraktion durchgeführt. Die Überlagerung der Fernröntgenseitenbilder auf die N-Pog-Linie vor der Behandlung zeigte minimale Unterschiede in der sagittalen Position der Schneidezähne und keine Unterschiede im Weichgewebsprofil. Obwohl infolge der Protrusion der Schneidezähne im Nichtextraktionsfall und der Retrusion im Extraktionsfall ein deutlicher Unterschied in der sagittalen Position der Schneidezähne in Relation zur N-Pog-Linie (7,0 mm für Incision superius und 5,5 mm für Incision inferius) zwischen den Zwillingen nach der Behandlung gefunden werden konnte, war die Weichgewebsreaktion deutlich weniger ausgeprägt (2,0 mm Labrale superius und 3,2 mm Labrale inferius) und schien sich ein Jahr nach Ende der Behandlung noch abzuschwächen.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Algae ; Virus assembly ; DAPI staining ; Electron microscopy ; Hincksia hincksiae ; Immunofluorescence ; Marine double-stranded DNA virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The filamentous brown algaHincksia hincksiae can be infected by a large icosahedral double-stranded DNA virus (HincV-1). The virus shows extended latency and is replicated only in cells homologous to sporangia. Virus formation was studied by transmission electron microscopy, DAPI staining, and β-tubulin immunofluorescence. Inhibition of cytokineses results in multinucleate cells, which are the first indication of virus replication in productive cells; the microtubular cytoskeleton does not seem to be affected by the virus. Replication of viral DNA begins in the nuclei, which increase in size and eventually disintegrate. Virus assembly takes place in a mixed nucleo-/cytoplasm. Capsids bud from cisternae, which are interpreted as modified endoplasmic reticulum aggregated to virus assembly centres. The internal membranous component of the virus is thus derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The particles are empty (electron translucent) when assembled, and the nucleoprotein core seems to be packaged subsequently through an opening in the capsid. A number of fine structural features not previously reported from brown algae and related to virus formation are described. Our results on Hincksia hincksiae virus are compared with observations made on various other icosahedral DNA viruses infecting eukaryotic algae and animals.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 154 (1990), S. 132-143 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Vigna sinensis ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy ; Colchicine ; Tubulin reticulum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The primary leaf, epicotyl, and root cells ofVigna sinensis seedlings grown continuously in a 0.08% colchicine solution, become microtubule-free and polyploid. In meristematic root cells a tubulin transformation is detected 1–3 h after the treatment had begun. Tubulin strands are organized at the positions of the pre-existing microtubules. Frequently, the strands converge on or are organized in the cortical cytoplasmic zone where in normal cells the preprophase microtubule band (PMB) is assembled. In meristematic root cells subjected to a 6–12 h colchicine treatment, the tubulin strands become perinuclear, entering the cortical cytoplasm at regions close to the nucleus. One day after the onset of the treatment, tubulin generally forms a continuous reticulum of interconnected strands in all the organs examined. In most cells this reticulum surrounds the nucleus partly or totally or lies close to it, exhibiting variable configurations in different cells. After prolonged treatments, the organization of the tubulin reticulum changes further. Now this consists of crystal-like structures interconnected by thin strands. On thin sections of fixed tissue the tubulin strands consist of paracrystalline material. The distribution of this material in the affected cells coincides with that of tubulin reticulum visualized by immunofluorescence. In transverse planes each strand exhibits circular subunits arranged close to one another in a hexagonal pattern but in longitudinal ones variable images were observed. The paracrystalline material persists in root cells subjected to an 8-day continuous colchicine treatment. The immunolabeled strands seem to be composed of tubulin-colchicine complexes and not pure tubulin.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dictyota dichotoma ; Microtubules ; Centrioles ; Mitotic spindle ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interphase cells ofDictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamour. lack cortical microtubules (Mts) but display an impressive network of cytoplasmic microtubules (c-Mts). These are focussed on two opposed perinuclear centriolar sites where centrin or a centrin-homologue is localized. Some of the Mts surround the nucleus, but the majority traverse the cytoplasm as bundles variously directed towards the plasmalemma. In apical cells, and to a lesser extent in the square or slightly elongated meristematic cells, Mts are more or less evenly arranged. In elongated cells they form thick bundles longitudinally traversing the cytoplasm; a pattern maintained in differentiated cells. In early prophase the non-perinuclear Mts disappear but by late prophase a bi-astral arrangement of short Mts is observed. They enter polar nuclear depressions and attach to differentiated regions of the nuclear envelope where polar gaps open. By metaphase the spindle Mts converge on the centrioles at the polar gaps. At anaphase, interzonal Mts are evident and the asters start to reassemble. After telophase disruption of the interzonal Mts, the daughter nuclei approach each other, but move apart again before cytokinesis. The latter movement keeps pace with the development of two interdigitating Mt systems, ensheathing both daughter nuclei. The partition membrane “bisects” this Mt “cage”. Between telophase and cytokinesis the centrosomes separate, finally occupying opposed perinuclear sites. New Mts arise at the new centrosomes, some terminating on the consolidating partition membrane. Our data show thatD. dichotoma vegetative cells display a prominent cytoplasmic Mt cytoskeleton, which undergoes continual, but definite, change in organization during the cell cycle.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 97 (1978), S. 13-29 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Correlated light and electron microscope histochemistry was performed on the oil bodies (OB) ofMarchantia paleacea. It was revealed that they contain significant quantities of material positive to PAS and periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) reactions. Ag deposits were localized on the matrix surrounding the globules and on the distinct one close to the inner face of the OB membrane. In addition, the lipophilic globules were peripherally impregnated with staining product. Polysaccharidic material appears to be elaborated in dictyosomes and then advanced into the OB by their vesicles. The OB show a lipophilic character and are intensely stained with Sudan black B, with an aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide and with the Nadi reaction as modified byDavid andCarde (1964). The performance of mercury bromophenol blue, aniline blue black, coomassie brilliant blue R and acid fuchsin stainings showed that the OB do not contain structurally detectable proteins. Besides, a positive reaction of the inner OB was obtained in fresh tissue with a variety of tests sensitive to phenolic or other aromatic ring compounds. On the contrary, the epidermal and scale OB containing small globules are obviously stained only with Gibbs' reagent. The colours obtained with the above reactions, were almost the same,i.e. brown with a red shade, except for the blue one of the Gibbs' reagent. The presented observations favour the conclusion that the OB matrix does not contain proteins, but substances “polysaccharidic” in nature. Phenolic and possibly other aromatic compounds appear to be present at least in inner OB.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell plate arrangement ; Preprophase microtubule band ; Subsidiary cell mother cells ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the primary leaves of threeTriticum species examined, two successive guard cell mother cells (GMCs) are often laterally flanked by one epidermal cell which is induced twice by them and forms two subsidiary cells (SCs). In the case of simultaneous induction of the common subsidiary cell mother cell (SMC) by the GMCs, its nucleus does not migrate towards either of the GMCs, but occupies a position between them. Unexpectedly, in a number of the above “double-polarized” SMCs, two preprophase microtubule bands (PMBs) are organized at the same time, apposed on the GMCs at the expected positions. In some of those cells the daughter wall exhibits aberrant dispositions and either a small lens-shaped cell adjacent to the intervening cell between the GMCs or a large SC alongside both the GMCs and the intervening cell, or an SC flanking one GMC and a part of the intervening cell between the GMCs are separated. Obviously, the sites of fusion of the cell plate with the parent walls do not coincide completely with those of either of the PMB cortical zones. These cell plates appear to intersect those parental walls which are common with the intervening cells at PMB cortical sites belonging to two PMBs. Besides, the one end of the cell plate may pass from the cortical zone of the one PMB to another of the other PMB. The SC nucleus retains the telophase size and chromatin condensation for a longer time period than the other nucleus. This nuclear lag-phase may persist up to the completion of the GMC division, when all the cells of the stomatal complex undergo a coordinated growth and differentiation. The telophase SC nucleus frequently interacts with the phragmoplast microtubules attached on the nuclear envelope. They appear to be pulling the nucleus which forms acute local extensions towards the terminal anticlinal regions of the cell plate. Despite the above-mentioned nuclear behaviour, it does not seem likely that the curved growth of the cell plate is controlled by the SC telophase nucleus. The PMB cortical zone seems to affect the direction of growth of the expanding cell plate, thus controlling its final orientation. In few SMCs in which the prophase nucleus was localized at some distance from the GMC, it formed an acute angular extension towards it. This phenomenon probably indicates the stabilization mechanism of the one pole of the mitotic spindle close to the GMC and implies that the nucleus interacts with the polarized cortical cytoplasm adjacent to the inducing GMC.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 193 (1996), S. 46-57 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Asteronema ; Brown algae ; Cellulose ; Freeze-fracture ; Terminal complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gross structure of the cell wall and the organization of the plasmalemma of the filamentous brown algaAsteronema rhodochortonoides were examined in replicas of freeze-fractured cells. The protoplasmic fracture face (PF) of the plasmalemma, apart from the single particles, exhibits two particular particle complexes, i.e., single linear arrays of closely packed particles, and well defined particle pentads. The former display a consistent relationship with the ends of microfibril imprints and therefore are considered as terminal complexes (TCs). They seem to be composed of subunits, each one consisting of two particles. The average diameter of the particles is 7 nm. The number of the subunits forming the TCs varies between 2 and 40. Short TCs, consisting of 3–5 subunits were also found on the PF of dictyosome vesicles, a fact suggesting the involvement of the Golgi apparatus in exocytosis of preformed TC portions. The occurrence, distribution and size of the TCs appear to be related to the developmental stage of the cell. A large number of TCs occur in actively growing cells, while a few or no TCs are found in differentiated cells. The pentads are rectangular structures consisting of five particles, four in the corners and one in the centre. Their dimensions are very constant, but their occurrence and distribution varies. They occur in young developing cells where TCs are few or absent, but were also observed in areas showing many TCs. In differentiated cells no pentads were found. Pentad-like structures were rarely observed on the PF of dictyosome vesicles or cisternae. The observations support the hypothesis that pentads are involved in the synthesis of matrix polysaccharides, which are the major components of brown algal cell wall and their synthesis begins before that of cellulose.
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