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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of diet, age, and sex on the mineral content of primate bones (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rhesus monkey ; Bone ; Diet ; Age ; Sex ; Bone mineral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of diet, age, and sex on the mineral content of primate bones was determined for free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from the Caribbean Primate Research Center. Monkeys in this study were of known age and sex and had been provided with either a low protein (15%) or a high protein (25%) diet for most of their lives. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess bone mineral content. Results showed that diet had no significant effect on the bulk mineral composition of Ca, Mg, Br, and Cl in the bones. Of the minerals analyzed, only Na and Mn showed significant diet-related effects. The bone Ca content was found to be lower in females than in males when controlled for age. Finally, Ca content was found to be higher in young adults, lower at middle age, and higher in old age in both male and female monkeys. In conclusion, this study has shown that increasing protein content in the diet does not change the bulk mineral content of primate bones. The nondietary effect that Ca content of monkey bones is lower during middle age has not been previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macular disease in related rhesus monkeys (1989)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 71 (1989), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: aging ; drusen ; electrooculogram ; macular degeneration ; monkey ; pigment epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During (January) 1986–(May) 1988, we examined 272 eyes in 136 rhesus monkeys in the closed Cayo Santiago colony of the Caribbean Primate Research Center of the University of Puerto Rico. Seventy-eight eyes were less than 10 years of age. One hundred and ninety-four were aged 10–28 years. The fundi were examined and photographed. Fluorescein angiography was performed in some eyes. Selected cases were evaluated for ‘acuity’ loss by recording of pattern-evoked retinal and cortical signals. Light and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the pigment epithelium of some animals. Thirty-eight percent of all eyes had posterior pole drusen. Incidence was highly age-related. When late-stage lesions were found, we did not see neovascularization, but late hyperfluorescence was consistent with degenerative scarring and atrophy. Electrophysiology demonstrated moderately reduced acuity in the presence of numerous macular drusen. Electrooculograms were low normal. Histopathology showed changes identical to those reported in human age-related macular degeneration. No eyes less than 10 years of age had confluent drusen or disciform-like lesions. The incidence of drusen in samples of some social groups was much higher than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170974
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophagy amongst rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico (1995)
    Springer
    Primates 36 (1995), S. 323-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Geophagy ; Macaca mulatta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soil mining and eating (geophagy) behavior of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, is described and assessed with respect to the chemical, geochemical, and mineralogical composition of the ingested materials. The samples forming the uneaten (control) and eaten (matrix and blocky) groups of soils come from the top and flanks of a marine terrace underlain with volcanic tuff on Cayo Santiago, off the east shore of Puerto Rico. Both the uneaten and geophagy samples were analyzed to determine particle size distributions, clay and primary mineralogy, and soil chemical and geochemical compositions. Primary minerals such as orthoclase and plagioclase feldspar in the clay fraction is higher in the control group than in the ingested samples. Both the control and matrix plus blocky samples have moderate to abundant amounts of kaolinite and halloysite (both silicon:aluminum = 1:1 type clay minerals) that may be important as a stimulus to geophagy behavior. The pH, total salts, and phosphorus levels in both the control and geophagy samples show considerable overlap with little clear indication of causal factors. Analysis of the geochemical data showed no clear cut elemental differences to suggest elemental supplementation as a possible explanation for mining and eating of tropical soil. It is possible that rhesus macaques ingest clay to obtain kaolinite/halloysite minerals which may alter the taste of their provided food, and may act as pharmaceutical agents to alleviate intestinal ailments such as diarrhea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382856
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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