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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au Pakistan, l'essaimage et (ou) l'accouplement de Cx. tritaeniorhynchus dans les champs reste mystérieux. Aussi, une série d'expériences de laboratoire a été réalisée pour étudier le comportement sexuel des mâles de Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Les accouplements, mesurés par le nombre de femelles inséminées quand elles cohabitent avec les mâles pendant des périodes déterminées, se produisaient synchroniquement au moment de la simulation de l'aube et du crépuscule. Il n'y en avait pas pendant la scotophase et la photophase. L'essaimage et l'appariement ont été observés avec des lanternes rouges pour des adultes d'âges différents sous le régime d'éclairement de l'insectarium (16/8 LL/DD avec 1.50 h d'aube et de crépuscule). Les essaims se formaient avec le début du crépuscule et cessaient au début de la photophase. La lumière rouge était perçue par les adultes et interferait avec le rythme et le comportement sexuel normaux entrainant les mâles à essaimer et à s'apparier au cours de la scotophase. Les couples ont toujours été formés au cours du vol en relation avec l'accroissement de l'activité de vol du mâle. Une modification graduelle de l'illumination est nécessaire pour induire l'accouplement: des changements abruptes réduisent significativement l'activité copulatrice. Quand des mâles fraichement éclos cohabitent avec des groupes de femelles vierges, sexuellement mûres, leur activité copulatrice maximale avait lieu avant 4 jours. Le nombre de femelles inséminées par mâle et le nombre de mâles copulant par jour diminuent avec l'âge des mâles, bien que les accouplements s'observent pendant toute la vie des mâles. D'une façon surprenante, des périodes d'accouplement sont suivies par des périodes de repos, suivies à nouveau par de nouvelles périodes d'activité sexuelle, ce qui laisse penser que des mâles sexuellement épuisés sont capables de renouveler suffisamment le stock de spermatozoïdes et (ou) les substances mâles annexes nécessaires à un accouplement ultérieur.
    Notes: Abstract Under midsummer photoperiod regimens (16: 8 LL: DD with 1,5 hr simulated crepuscular periods), the Balloki, Pakistan strain of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles mated synchronously during the simulated “dusk” and to a lesser extent “dawn” periods. Swarming and pairing commenced on the second night of life and was stimulated by the gradual transition in illumination from light to dark; abrupt changes such as the turning-off of either fluorescent or incandescent lights in an environmental chamber inhibited mating. Males swarmed readily at illuminations less than 250 lux, but female participation was apparently inhibited until the illumination dropped to between 20 and 8 lux. Males mated with an average of 5.2 sexually mature females during their lifetime. Most mating activity occurred before the males were 4 days old, but mating continued throughout the lifetime with periods of mating activity followed by rest periods and subsequent renewed mating activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 6257-6266 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Austenitic alloys have been produced by additional alloying in maraging steel grade 18 Ni at 2400 MPa. The concentration of Mo, Ni and Co was increased individually until the martensite start temperature M s, was suppressed below ambient value. Charpy impact strength, tensile strength and magnetic properties were determined. The impact strength in the annealed condition ranged between 260 to 294 J. In alloys where martensitic transformation occurred following quenching in liquid nitrogen, the impact strength dropped appreciably and was found to be in the range 120–216 J. The tensile strengths of the austenite and martensite phases ranged between 680 to 890 and 1030 to 1100 MPa, respectively. It was observed that the austenite phase transformed to martensite in the region that under went plastic deformation during Charpy and tensile testing. The degree of transformation incorporated, varied as a function of composition. The magnetic properties of the austenite phases were typical of a very weak magnetic material. The coercive field and saturation magnetization values were in the range 1034–2387 Am−1 and 1.6–2.9 T, respectively. In contrast to the general observation, the austenite phase containing high Co exhibited ferromagnetic behaviour. The coercive field and saturation magnetization of ferromagnetic austenite was 1034 Am−1 and 11 T, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1972), S. 1401-1408 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of deformation on the structure of theΒ-type martensite has been studied in copper-aluminium and copper-aluminium-zinc alloys by X-ray analysis and mechanical testing. This study has yielded information on the stability of the crystal structure ofΒ-type martensite, i.e. the tendency of the stress-induced transformation to the fcc structure, as zinc is added in increasing amount to copper-aluminium. The detailed study of the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the as-quenched martensites showed that as zinc is added in increasing amounts, the structure of theΒ-type martensite becomes distorted and shows an increasing degree of orthorhombic distortion (i.e. deviation from the trigonal symmetry). When these martensites are plastically deformed, the structure is transformed more and more easily into an fcc lattice, i.e. the volume fraction of the fcc phase increases with zinc content. Tensile tests showed that the martensite showed higher and higher elongation values, when plastically deformed, which is due to the progressive increase in fcc phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 1539-1540 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the orientation of crystal axes of Al-0.8 wt% Si single crystals in the presence of two different particle sizes and inter-particle spacings were investigated during uniaxial compression. The orientation of crystal axes before and after deformation was precisely determined by the diffractometer method in the unit triangle of the stereographic projection. The reorientation of the compression axes after deformation was found to be influenced by particle size and initial orientation of the undeformed crystals. It was found that particle size also influenced the yield strength and work-hardening characteristics which was explained on the basis of Orowan stresses and solid-solution strengthening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1974), S. 1290-1296 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Isothermal growth of β grain size in Cu-Al and Cu-Al-Zn martensitic alloys can be described approximately by the well-known “time law”, D=K. t n . The martensite plate size (thickness) d m , formed in quenched β grain is a function of the β grain size, {ie1290-01}. The mutual relationship can, to a good approximation, be described by the expression {ie1290-02}, where C 1, which means that the exponent n for β grain size is three times that for the martensite plate size. This important empirical relationship emphasizes the fact that while the β grains can grow in three dimensions, the martensite plate can grow only in one dimension, i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the austenite/martensite interface. A Hall-Petch relationship exists between the yield stress and the β grain size and the martensite plate thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 2927-2930 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Austenite reversion was studied in 18% Ni 350 grade maraging steel. The samples were heat treated from room temperature to the austenite phase field and, without holding, they were cooled again to ambient temperature. The reverted austenite which was retained after this heat treatment was examined using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopic system. Two morphologies of the austenite were observed. The first forms at the martensite lath boundaries and the other nucleates inside the martensite laths in the form of Widmanstatten plates. These Widmanstatten plates mostly appear as coupled twins. The coupled twins have a distinct midrib which was found parallel to (1 1 1)γ and (1 1 0)α planes. The latter morphology of austenite appeared only after the formation of Ni3Ti precipitates. Growth of Fe2Mo precipitates was not observed in this heat-treatment cycle. Both Nishyama–Wassermann and Kurdjumo–Sachs orientation relationships were found between the austenite and martensite phases. On the basis of these results, it can be suggested that intra-lath-reverted austenite is formed on or by the local dissolution of Ni3Ti precipitates. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the lattice parameter of martensite phase in a maraging steel is measured as a function of ageing temperatures. A decrease in the lattice parameter is observed when aged between 400–650°C which is attributed to the depletion of alloying elements in the martensite matrix as a consequence of precipitation and austenite formation. An increase in the lattice from 650 to 710°C was characteristic of enrichment of alloying elements in the martensite matrix due to dissolution of austenite phase. A minimum value of the lattice parameter of martensite is observed at 650 °C which coincides with the maximum vol % of retained austenite. Electrical resistivity, hardness measurements, andin situ high temperature dilatometry was also carried out to delineate various precipitation reactions that occur in this steel.[/p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 330 (1988), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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