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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance in field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5447-5449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) has been measured in weak-field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon as functions of both the annealing field, Ha, and the measuring frequency. The GMI profile measured at 0.1 MHz shows a typical two-peak behavior for the sample with Ha less than 50 mOe. The GMI peak in the region where the applied field is antiparallel to the annealing field decreases with Ha, showing an asymmetry in the GMI profile. Eventually, the GMI peak in the antiparallel-field region disappears, and a drastic step-like change in the GMI peak is revealed for an applied field which is parallel to the annealing field of 500 mOe. The asymmetric GMI phenomenon for the 0.1 MHz measuring frequency, the so-called "GMI valve," is due to a peculiar domain structure, which occurs in the sample surface during the field annealing. The GMI peak in the parallel-field region appears again for measuring frequencies over 0.5 MHz due to the remarkable contribution of the magnetization rotation to the GMI. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369971
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical pumping magnetic resonance in Cs atoms for use in precise low-field magnetometry (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4152-4155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Magnetic resonance experiments were conducted on optically pumped Cs to investigate the use of atomic magnetic resonance in Cs atoms for precision magnetometry. The resonance frequencies agreed within 4 ppm with the theoretically calculated ones. The different amplitudes of the separate signals were ascribed to differences in the population densities in the sublevels. The noise level for low-field measurements was 10 pT/Hz. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of Neuropeptide Y Gene Induced by Membrane Depolarization: Determination of Ca2+- and Cyclic AMP/Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-Responsive Elements (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Membrane depolarization stimuli (high potassium concentration and veratridine) increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA abundance time-dependently, without a change in β-actin mRNA level, in NG108-15 and PC12 cells. Although the induction by veratridine was blocked completely by tetrodotoxin, the induction by potassium was suppressed minimally. Voltage-dependent Ca channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists inhibited the increases by both depolarization stimuli completely, suggesting involvement of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaM kinases). Transient assay using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes containing the rat NPY gene promoter indicated that membrane depolarization and Ca entry stimulate transcription of the NPY gene. The depolarization-induced transactivation was also blocked by CaM kinase inhibitors. The 200-bp 5′-upstream region (−344/−145) was localized as a Ca2+/calmodulin-responsive element (CaMRE), which confers depolarization-induced transactivation. It is interesting that this CaMRE did not contain the canonical Ca-responsive elements such as CRE, SRE, NF-AT, or the C/EBPβ-binding site and was separated from a 64-bp cyclic AMP/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-responsive element (−144/−81). These findings suggested that membrane depolarization regulates the NPY gene transcription positively through the unique CaMRE by activation of CaM kinases following Ca entry through L-type Ca channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66051802.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mullitization from a Multicomponent Oxide System in the Temperature Range 1200°–1500°C (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mullitization from a multicomponent oxide system (alumina–kaolin–quartz–feldspar–talc) was analyzed as a function of firing temperature from 1200° to 1500°C based on quantitative XRD and SEM. In the present study, whisker forms of mullite grew in three characteristic stages. In the first stage (1255°–1295°C), mullitization (nucleation) took place from glass via alumina dissolution into glass under the condition of no apparent change in glass content. The reaction in this stage was rate-limited by alumina dissolution into glass. Extensive mullitization occurred in the 1295°–1335°C range (second stage) directly from glass. Unlike in the sol–gel-based binary system, alumina dissolution into glass was not shown to be the rate-controlling mechanism during this extensive mullitization stage. Finally (〉1335°C, third stage), the reaction was saturated, accompanied by an apparent decrease in glass consumption rate. The impingement of mullite whiskers by other whiskers and crystals was speculated to cause mullite to grow in the transverse direction, yielding a diminished reaction rate in the final stage. Mullitization stages in this work were compared with those of the alumina–silica binary system shown in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01360.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the temperature and the pumping uniformity inside a Nd:YAG rod by an interferometric method (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1810-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal behavior of a Nd:YAG laser rod under flashlamp pumping has been investigated experimentally using a very simple interferometric technique. The degree of pumping uniformity and the heat generation rate inside the rod was evaluated for single pulse pumping. The temperature increase at the center of the rod under a high repetition rate pulsed operation was also measured, and this result is used to deduce the surface heat transfer coefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105096
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange-correlation induced energy-level shift in quantum wells with strain (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3197-3202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy-level shift due to exchange-correlation effects for a quasi-two-dimensional InxGa1−xAs/InGaAsP quantum well systems is studied as a function of the sheet carrier density for different biaxial compressive strain. We have calculated the leading-order self-energy within the random-phase approximation, by solving a 4×4 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian for the consideration of the valence-band nonparabolicity of strained layer. We have found that the correlation energy, as well as the exchange energy significantly contributes to the energy-level shifts and these shifts grow with the increases of the biaxial compressive strain and the sheet carrier density. Our calculations show that for the biaxial compressive strain of 0.47%–1.02% the negative shift ratios of the band-gap energy are about 3.9%–4.6% and 7%–8.4% at sheet carrier densities of ns=1×1012 cm−2 and ns=1×1013 cm−2, respectively. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367087
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing temperature dependence of permeability spectra and asymmetrical giant magnetoimpedance in Co-based amorphous ribbon (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5260-5262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The permeability spectra and giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) profiles have been measured as a function of annealing temperature, Ta in field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon. The permeability spectra show the superposition of two dispersions of Debye type for Ta≤200 °C. As Ta increases over 250 °C, the low frequency dispersion begins to decrease, and eventually disappears for Ta≥350 °C due to the exchange coupling with the bias field formed in surface crystalline layer. However, the high frequency dispersion increases with Ta up to 350 °C and then becomes nearly constant. The GMI profile measured at 0.1 MHz shows a one peak in the samples of Ta≤300 °C. As Ta increases over 350 °C, the GMI-valve is revealed due to the influence of bias field on wall motion. As the Ta increases over 450 °C, the asymmetric two peaks of GMI profile are shown instead of the GMI valve due to the damping of wall motion after the crystallization. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373314
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance in field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2114-2116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) profile has been realized in weak-field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon at the annealing temperature of 380 °C in open air. Asymmetric GMI profiles with respect to applied field become profound as the annealing field increases over 500 mOe. The asymmetric GMI profile at the frequencies of ac current over 0.5 MHz is well ascribed for by the rotational transverse magnetization of single domain under a uniaxial anisotropy in amorphous core and a unidirectional anisotropy due to the exchange coupling with the bias field in the crystalline layer, underlying surface oxidation layer developed during the annealing in open air. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124934
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validity of the Stoner–Wohlfarth model in hysteretic giant magnetoimpedance of annealed amorphous materials (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 778-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hysteretic characteristics of giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) profiles have been measured in Co-based amorphous ribbon with various anisotropy angles θk, and they have been analyzed by using the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. A two-peak behavior with a dip near zero field is revealed in the measured GMI profile at 10 MHz, irrespective of θk. The negligible hysteresis of the field for the dip is in close agreement with that calculated assuming a magnetization jump from a metastable to a stable state. However, the hysteretic asymmetries for the increasing and decreasing fields in the samples with the angle range of 20°≤θk〈60° are well described by a divergence in the calculation without a magnetization jump. The asymmetry for the sample with θk≥60° may also be due to the divergence. But the two peak of the measured profiles, which are due to the anisotropy distribution in the actual materials, are different from the calculated profiles, which have a single peak near zero field. This indicates that the Stoner–Wohlfarth model adequately describes a hysteretic asymmetry of GMI profiles for the anisotropy angle in the range of 20°≤θk〈60° at a frequency of 10 MHz in amorphous ribbons. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345799
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to "Comment on ‘Analysis of asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance in field-annealed Co-based amorphous ribbon' " [Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1727 (2000)] (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1730-1731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a Comment [D. X. Chen, L. Pascual, and A. Hernando, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1727 (2000)] on our recent letter [C. G. Kim, K. J. Jang, D. Y. Kim, and S. S. Yoon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2114 (1999); 76, 1345 (2000)] Chen et al. claimed that the unidirectional anisotropy due to bias field is unphysical one for the description of asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) profiles. The symmetric two peaks of GMI profiles measured in the normal sample with an uniaxial anisotropy, allow one to take the minimum energy condition which assumes a jump of magnetization under the field from a metastable state to a stable one. However, the divergence in a calculated GMI profile should appear even in case of a uniaxial anisotropy of normal sample where there is no jump. Divergence indicates the asymmetry and hysteresis in GMI profile. The analysis of this calculation in Chen et al.'s Comment is simply a matter of hysteresis in GMI profile for the increasing and decreasing field, even in a normal sample with uniaxial anisotropy. Even though the hysteresis is ignored by taking the minimum energy condition, the asymmetric profiles with the negligible hysteresis are well ascribed by the model with two kinds of anisotropy fields, as proposed in our previous letter [C. G. Kim, K. J. Jang, D. Y. Kim, and S. S. Yoon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2114 (1999); 76, 1345 (2000)]. In this model the bias field is quite physical, and is based on the observed experimental results in a specially prepared sample. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1310203
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