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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating the Comparative Biology of the Heterokonts with Nucleic Acids (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During the last decade investigations of heterokont protists utilizing molecular methods have challenged established biosystematic concepts. Most investigations emphasized the chloroplast genome or sequences from nuclear-encoded, ribosomal genes. Refinement of DNA isolation protocols, advent of “universal primers” and the polymerase chain reaction, automated sequencing and increased accessibility of DNA sequence databases have expanded data-gathering efficiency and increased dataset sizes. Because independent datasets have been easier to obtain, the testing of specific phylogenetic hypotheses has been facilitated, altering relationship concepts, primarily at phylum/class levels, and perceptions of cellular evolution. New approaches have emphasized ecological studies and extended studies to genus/species levels and poorly investigated genomes. This paper reviews studies documenting these impacts and identifies some current limitations. Additionally, new DNA sequence data from our laboratory on nuclear-encoded rDNA internal transcribed spacers and the chloroplast-encoded psb A gene suggest that these regions will provide taxonomic resolution for the Synu-rophyceae, at the class/order level and subspecies level, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04489.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptotic Effect of Rituximab on Peripheral Blood B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rituximab (RTX) has proven efficacious in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we assessed the apoptosis-inducing capability of RTX in vitro on RA peripheral blood B-cell subsets and also compared the effects of RTX on B cells from rheumatoid factor-positive (RF+) and RF– patients. The likely relevance of B cells in disease was assessed by measuring B-cell-modulating serum cytokines. Peripheral blood B cells were isolated and cultured with the presence or absence of RTX. The levels of apoptosis within the naïve, memory and IgD+CD27+ B-cell subpopulations were determined by cytofluorometric analysis and caspase 3/7 assays. Levels of serum cytokines were measured with a multiplex cytokine array system. RTX induced significant apoptosis in all B-cell subsets in both RA and controls. In naïve and memory B cells from RA patients, RTX induced significantly higher levels of apoptosis than in controls. RTX induced apoptosis of B cells in RF+ and RF– patients. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were profoundly increased in RF+ patients compared to RF− patients and controls. Although our cohort was small (10 RA patients), the data suggest that RTX induces apoptosis in all investigated subsets of B cells from RA patients. Interestingly, memory B cells from RA patients were more sensitive to RTX than memory cells from normal controls, suggesting that the delay in treatment response to RTX observed in clinical trials may be due in part to memory cell depletion. The apoptotic effects of RTX were similar in RF+ and RF– patients, but serum levels of B-cell-activating cytokine levels were only elevated in RF+ but not RF– patients. These data suggest that RTX is less effective in RF– RA because B cells play a less significant role in RA pathogenesis in RF– patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01441.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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