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  • 1
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Collagen I ; Collagen III ; Hernia ; Fascia transversalis ; Surgical mesh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to substantiate the hypothesis as to whether an altered metabolism of type I and type III collagen should be included as pathophysiological considerations of inguinal hernia development or not. Therefore, fascia transversalis derived from patients with indirect hernias (n=9), direct hernias (n=7) and from controls (n=7) were investigated both by immunohistochemistry and protein analysis (Western Blot). Both immunohistochemical analysis and Western Blot analysis showed that the ratio of the relative amounts of type I to type III collagen was significantly decreased in the fascia transversalis of patients with indirect and direct inguinal hernias compared with controls (p〈0.001). The relative reduction of the collagen I/III ratio may be explained by a concomitant increase in collagen type III synthesis in both hernia-families. In contrast to the control group there was no significant difference between patients with direct and indirect hernia. It is concluded that the change in collagen type I / III ratio, with the resulting altered physical properties, might essentially predispose individuals to the development of inguinal hernia. Thus, an altered collagen metabolism would provide an additional theoretical basis for the use of alloplastic materials, such as surgical meshes, and an explanation for the disappointing high recurrence rates after appropriate primary hernia repair, particularly if mesh-free techniques have been used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Incisional hernia ; Marlex mesh ; Abdominal wall compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In view of the poor results of suturing techniques, incisional hernias are often best repaired with biomaterials. Their use brings the recurrence rate to below 10%, but patients sometimes complain of discomfort and restricted abdominal mobility. We report our experience with 41 patients after implantation of a Marlex®-mesh in a preperitoneal, retromuscular position (mean follow-up period 16.7 months). The effect of implanted meshes on abdominal wall mobility was measured noninvasively with the aid of three dimensional stereography and compared with a non-operated healthy control group (n = 21). The commonest early postoperative complication was seroma in 32% of cases, usually relieved by aspiration. Infection and hematoma were less frequent at 4.9% and 12.2% respectively. Three patients developed a recurrent hernia. During follow-up 7.3% experienced pain during heavy activities, 29.3% during daily activities and 4.9% at rest. Three dimensional stereography showed a highly significant (p 〈 0.001) decrease in abdominal wall mobility following mesh implantation, compared to a non-operated control group. Improved composition of the mesh material involving a smaller proportion of polypropylene and greater elasticity, should be considered for the future, in order to reduce patient discomfort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 876-887 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Mesh ; Hernia ; Collagen metabolism ; Wound contraction. ; Schlüsselwörter: Mesh ; Hernie ; Kollagenmetabolismus ; Wundkontraktion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Angesichts einer deutlichen Senkung der Rezidivrate erfährt die Verstärkung der Bauchwand mit alloplastischen Materialien, den sogenannten Meshes, eine zunehmende Verbreitung in der Therapie der Narbenhernien. Da die Wiederholung des primär versagenden Verfahrens bei über der Hälfte der Patienten zum Rezidivbruch führt, ist die rationale Grundlage der chirurgischen Mesh-Therapie die Notwendigkeit eines Verfahrenswechsels, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung eines möglichen zugrundeliegenden Defekts im Kollagenmetabolismus. Nach über 100 Jahren der Mesh-Entwicklung werden diese vorwiegend in Sublay- oder Onlay-Position plaziert, zum Einsatz kommen überwiegend ePTFE, Polyester oder Polypropylen. Stets muß wegen der obligaten Wundkontraktion eine ausreichende Überlappung angestrebt werden. Auf der Grundlage eigener Erfahrungen und der Literatur werden die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Mesh-Techniken und -Materialien diskutiert. Dabei ist das kumulative Risiko für die Entstehung von Langzeitkomplikationen, wie Mesh-Wanderung, Fistelbildung, das Ausmaß Mesh-bedingter Beschwerden oder das potentielle Risiko einer persistierenden Fremdkörperentzündung wegen fehlender Langzeitstudien bislang nicht abschätzbar. Insgesamt stellen jedoch angesichts fehlender therapeutischer Alternativen die Meshes einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Fortschritt in der Hernienchirurgie dar.
    Notes: Summary. The marked reduction in recurrence rates following reinforcement of the abdominal wall by meshes in incisional hernia has promoted their increasingly widespread use. The primary suture in technique failed more than half of the cases; therefore, the closure method needs to be changed and improved, particularly with regard to a possibly underlying defect in collagen metabolism. After more than 100 years of mesh development they are mainly placed in a sublay or onlay position, ePTFE, polyester and polypropylene are preferred. In any case the mesh has to overlap the defect sufficiently because of wound contraction. On the basis of our experience and reports in the literature, the advantages and disadvantages of various mesh techniques and mesh materials are discussed. However, because long-term studies are missing, the relevance of the cumulative risk for long-term complications such as mesh migration and fistula formation, the extent of patient complaints or the potential risk of a persistent foreign-body reaction cannot yet be ascertained. Nevertheless, because there are no surgical alternatives, meshes represent an improvement in hernia surgery that cannot be overestimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Hernia – Surgical mesh, pathological risk-analysis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Hernie – Chirurgische Netze, pathologische Risikoanalyse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der zunehmende Einsatz von alloplastischen Netzen bis hin zur Regelversorgung bei Leisten- und Narbenhernien macht eine Bewertung der langfristigen Integration dieser Implantate notwendiger denn je. An 121 explantierten Netzen (durchschnittliche Implantationszeit 23,2 ± 19,7 Monate) aus Polypropylen (Atrium®, n = 20; Marlex®, n = 50; Prolene®, n = 21), Polyester (Mersilene®, n = 19) und PTFE (Gore-Tex®, n = 11) wird die Gewebs- und Zellreaktion im Implantatlager analysiert. Zum Einsatz kommen konventionelle lichtmikroskopische, immunhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Techniken. Die morphometrische Auswertung der Proben zeigt die Persistenz einer entzündlich-proliferativen Fremdkörperreaktion mit erhöhtem Gewebsumbau, die in hohem Maße durch die implantierte Netzvariante beeinflußt wird. Die möglichen Folgen dieser „chronischen Wunde“ insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Fremdkörper-induzierte Carcinogenese werden kritisch diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary. The widespread use of alloplastic materials as the standard procedure for hernia repair makes an evaluation of the long-term integration of these implants imperative. A total of 121 explanted meshes (mean implantation time 23.2 & 19.7 months) of polypropylene (Atrium®, n = 20; Marlex®, n = 50; Prolene®, n = 21), Polyester (Mersilene®, n = 19) and PTFE (Gore-Tex®, n = 11) were analyzed in regard to the tissue and cell response within the interface mesh-fiber/tissue. The mesh samples were investigated by light and electronmicroscopy, as well as immunohistochemistry. The morphometric results confirmed a persisting inflammatory proliferative foreign-body reaction with increased cell turnover in the recipient tissues. This reaction is mainly influenced by the selected mesh modification. The consequences of the arising “chronic wound” are discussed in detail, in particular with regard to possible malignant transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Incisional hernia ; Mesh ; Polypropylene ; Results. ; Schlüsselwörter: Narbenhernie ; Netzplastik ; Polypropylen ; Ergebnisse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer retrospektiven Studie an 245 Patienten mit 272 Narbenhernien wurden die Ergebnisse der Narbenhernienoperationen an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Aachen von 1987 bis 1994 untersucht. Dabei handelte es sich um 111 Primär- und 161 Rezidiv-Narbenhernien, 58 % Männer und 42 % Frauen, mit einem Altersdurchschnitt von 61,1 Jahren. An operativen Verfahren kamen bei 69,9 % der Patienten konventionelle Verfahren (Stoß auf Stoß, Mayo) und bei 30,1 % der Fälle eine Reparation mit alloplastischen Materialien zur Anwendung. Dabei verwendeten wir in den letzten 4 Jahren vornehmlich die präperitoneale Netzplastik (PNP) mit einem Polypropylen-Netz (Marlex®). Mittels Fragebogen und Befragung der Hausärzte konnten die Ergebnisse von 87 % der Patienten erfaßt werden (durchschnittlicher Nachbeobachtungszeitraum 64 Monate). Die Patienten mit PNP wurden klinisch und sonographisch nachuntersucht. Der Vergleich der PNP-Patienten mit den konventionellen Verfahren, zeigte eine erhöhte Rate von Frühkomplikationen (Serome, Hämatome), die Rezidivrate war mit 6,8 % jedoch signifikant niedriger als bei den Reparationen ohne alloplastische Materialien (32,6 %). Während die PNP als Operationstechnik als ideales Verfahren überzeugt, scheint eine Optimierung der verwendeten alloplastischen Materialien, mit Reduktion des Fremdmaterials, vermehrter Elastizität und verbesserter Biokompatibilität notwendig.
    Notes: Summary. In a retrospective study on 245 patients we evaluated the results of 272 incisional hernia repairs in the Department Surgery of the University Hospital Aachen. The group consisted of 58 % male and 42 % female patients with a mean age of 61.1 years and 111 primary and 161 recurrent incisional hernias. Conventional techniques (simple closure, Mayo) and alloplastic repairs were performed in 69.9 and 30.1 %, respectively. During the last 4 years we predominantly used the preperitoneal mesh repair with polypropylene mesh (Marlex®). The results of 87 % of our group of patients were evaluated by questionnaire and information from the family physicians (mean follow-up period 64 months). The patients who underwent preperitoneal mesh repair were examined clinically and with ultrasound. In comparison to the results of conventional hernia repair, early complications (seroma, hematoma) were higher. The recurrence rate, however, was significantly lower in this group with mesh repair (6.8 %) than in patients without alloplastic augmentation (32.6 %). Whereas preperitoneal mesh repair is convincingly the ideal surgical technique, optimization of the alloplastic materials by reduction of the amount of foreign substance and improvement of elasticity and biocompatibility is mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 293-303 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Hernia ; Pathophysiology of abdominal wall defects ; Mesh. ; Schlüsselwörter: Hernie ; Pathophysiologie von Bauchwanddefekten ; Netzplastik.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Bauchwandhernien gehören zu den häufigsten operierten Krankheitsbildern. Entstehen primäre Hernien in anatomischen Schwachstellen, sind Narbenhernien dagegen Folge einer Laparotomie. Der intraabdominelle Druck und die langdauernde Fascienheilung verlangen eine initial ausreichend stabile Naht. Eine verzögerte Wundheilung kann insbesondere bei Verwendung resorbierbaren Nahtmaterials zur Hernie führen. Schnittführung, Nahtmaterial und Nahttechnik beeinflussen die Entstehung der Narbenhernien. Angesichts hoher Rezidivquoten ist bei der Reparation der Narbenhernien ein Verfahrenswechsel anzustreben. Häufig wird die Implantation alloplastischen Materials erforderlich sein. Bei einer solchen Netzreparation besteht die Verstärkung der Bauchwand in einer mechanischen Komponente (Sublay-Technik) und der Induktion von proliferaten Vorgängen (Bindegewebsreaktion auf Polypropylen und Polyester).
    Notes: Summary. Repair of abdominal wall hernias is the most frequently performed operation in surgery. Primary hernias arise at anatomical weak points; incisional hernias result from laparotomies. As the fascia heals slowly, the suture should be strong enough to withstand the intraabdominal pressure. Complications in wound healing may lead to a hernia, especially when absorbable sutures have been used. The rate of incisional hernias is technically influenced by the type of incision, the suture technique, and the suture material. To achieve adequate repair it is often necessary to change the principles of abdominal wall closure, for example by using alloplastic material. The meshes reinforce the architecture of the abdominal wall both by pure mechanical means and by induction of a stable scar formation (polypropylene, polyester).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Surgical mesh ; Incisional hernia ; Complication ; Stereography ; Polypropylene. ; Schlüsselwörter: Netze ; Narbenhernie ; Polypropylen ; Komplikationen ; Stereographie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Reparation von Narbenhernien machen eine großflächige präperitoneale Implantation alloplastischen Materials erforderlich. Die Menge und Struktur des eingebrachten Materials bestimmen aber das Ausmaß der induzierten unelastischen Narbenfläche und die Rate lokaler Wundkomplikationen. Dies macht eine Minimierung der alloplastischen Implantate wünschenswert. In einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie an 65 Patienten wurden die Frühergebnisse nach Implantation eines minimierten, leichtgewichtigen Netzes (26,8 g/m2 Polypropylen) mit 5 mm Maschengröße einerseits und einem schwergewichtigen, üblichen Netz (90,2 g/m2 Polypropylen) kleiner Porengröße (0,8 mm) andererseits verglichen. Als Parameter dienten die sonographische Seromrate und -menge, die subjektiven Mißempfindungen, die körperliche Aktivität, die Bauchwandmotorik mittels 3-D-Stereographie und die histologischen Veränderungen, soweit wegen akzidentieller Reoperation sich die Möglichkeit zur Probeentnahme ergab. Hierbei fand sich eine deutliche Reduktion der Serome, Mißempfindungen und Bewegungsstörungen sowie eine objektive Verbesserung der Bauchfunktionen mittels 3-D-Stereographie für das minimierte Polypropylen-Netz. Dies geht in der histologischen Auswertung mit einer geringeren Entzündungs- und Narbenreaktion, d. h. einer früheren Gewebsintegration des alloplastischen Materials, einher. Bis auf ein Rezidiv waren keine weiteren Komplikationen festzustellen.
    Notes: Summary. Repair of incisional hernias requires the extensive implantation of alloplastic materials. The extent of the scar tissue is markedly regulated by the amount and structure of the incorporated material and is responsible for the increased rate of local wound complications. Correspondingly, minimization of the alloplastic implants should be favorable. In a randomized, prospective clinical study, the early results were compared after implantation of either a minimized, low-weight (26.8 g/m2) mesh with a pore size of 5 mm or a common, heavy-weight (90.2 g/m2 polypropylene) mesh with a pore size of 0.8 mm. Indicators for clinical suitability were the rate and volume of seroma, subjective paraesthesia, physical capability, abdominal wall compliance, and the histologically analyzed tissue reaction of samples removed on the occasion of revision operations. As result, the optimized, low-weight mesh showed a remarkable decrease in the rate of seroma, patient complaints, less restriction of abdominal wall mobility, and improved abdominal wall compliance as verified by 3D stereography. These clinical findings corresponded to a pronounced decrease in inflammation and scar reaction, indicating improved incorporation of the alloplastic material. No other major complications except for one recurrence have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hernia 3 (1999), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Abdominal wall mobility ; 3D-stereography ; Abdominal surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Functional impairment of the abdominal wall can cause serious discomfort in patients, even during daily activity. We introduce a new method to describe and calculate abdominal wall mobility and its disturbances. The abdominal wall compliance can be measured non-invasively by three-dimensional stereography. Three-dimensional stereography is an optical method for measuring the topography of surfaces. The deformation of a light grid projected onto the abdominal wall is documented by video. After automatic digitisation of the pictures the computer calculates changes of the surface area. The abdominal wall mobility can then be measured by comparing the abdominal surface changes in minimum and maximum excursions. Measurement of defined geometric bodies proved the accuracy of our method with a variation under 5%. We found an abdominal wall mobility in normal persons (n=21) of 5.4 cm ± 1.9 for height difference, 2.6 1/100 cm ± 1.4 for the minimum curvature difference, 6.2 1/100 cm ± 1.8 for the maximum curvature (p〈0.01), 110 cm ± 74 for the adjusted radius at minimum excursion and 41 cm ± 14 at maximum excursion (p〈0.01). This method allows us to calculate abdominal wall compliance and its restriction. Comparison of pre- and postoperative data could help us to assess the success of operations concerning the abdominal wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic polymer meshes are widely applied in the modern surgical approach for repairing abdominal wall defects. The implanted material is often observed leading to post-operative complications such as deficient abdominal wall mobility and adhesion formation with the abdominal cavity and/or abdominal organs. However, the functioning of the implant is primarily affected by the wound healing process guided by inflammatory events occurring at the tissue–material interface. This could presumably be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the polymer. With regard to it, the cellular and molecular processes involved in the successful restoration of the abdominal wall function are poorly understood. The present in vivo study, therefore, exemplary investigated in a rat model, the commercially available polymer-meshes Prolene® (polypropylene, PP), Mersilene® (polyester, PE) and Vicryl® (polyglactin 910), as well as new mesh variants consisting either of PP (EB) or a combination of PP and polyglactin 910 (A plus or Vypro®). The implanted material was evaluated by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry as well as morphometry over an implantation period of 90 days. The data show that polymers induce heat shock protein (HSP)70, and its expression at the interface correlates inversely with the activity of the inflammatory reaction in vivo. Further, an ascent in HSP70 expression parallels the increasing implantation period and evolving foreign-body granulomas. Accordingly, a major role for HSP70 in modulating the local acceptance of polymers and as an additional marker for in vivo testing of polymers is suggestive. ©©2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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