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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2667-2669 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Constant-height scanning is demonstrated to improve near-field microscopy by eliminating artifacts connected with topography scanning, hence, to image the inherent electromagnetic contrast. Microwaves are chosen for this study because the long wavelength eliminates coherence artifacts, owing to a scale separation of wave and image frequencies. Measured amplitude and phase images of conductive films are quantitatively analyzed by considering the longitudinal electric near field. The observed spatial resolution of 200 nm equals the probing tip size and proves that the skin depth δ of the tip material (here, 1600 nm) presents no resolution limit to scanning optical microscopy. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3980-3982 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: With ever shrinking dimensions in microelectronics, the conductivity performance of charge carriers approaches physical limits and demands tighter control. We show that near-field microscopy carried out at sufficiently long infrared wavelengths—below the plasma frequency—selectively detects and characterizes subsurface mobile carriers with 30 nm resolution, timely for next generation chips as well as for fundamental research, e.g., on low-dimensional electron systems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 399 (1999), S. 134-137 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Identification of chemical compounds by vibrational spectroscopy at infrared wavelengths requires macroscopic samples: the spatial resolution is diffraction-limited to a scale of about half the wavelength, or about five micrometres. The scanning near-field optical microscope,, however, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 59 (1975), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 477-481 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 07.79.Fc; 82.80.Ch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 -laser radiation from an AFM tip. In the microscopic images we find and identify a new type of AFM-induced artifact (crosstalk via the tapping amplitude). Minimizing this by proper scan parameters we obtain evidence of true infrared contrast. The results demonstrate the material-sensitive potential of infrared-spectroscopic imaging and a spatial resolving power of better than 100 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Wird das isolierte Froschherz mit Ringer-Lösung ausgewaschen, die das 16–54fache der normalen KCl-Menge enthält, bleibt es in Diastole stehen. Sofern man mit dem Waschen aufhört und die das Stehenbleiben in der Diastole verursachende KCl-Lösung in der Kanüle beläßt, kann sich das Herz dieser ungünstig zusammengesetzten Lösung anpassen, und trotz des großen K-Überschusses kann die Kammertätigkeit spontan wieder zustande kommen. 2. Die Adaptationsfähigkeit bleibt nach Anlegen der I.-Stannius-Ligatur erhalten; sie fehlt jedoch nach Anlegung der II.-Stannius-Ligatur. 3. Nach der Adaptation an den K-Überschuß zeigt der K-Gehalt der in der Kanüle befindlichen Flüssigkeit keine wesentliche Veränderung. 4. Das isolierte Froschherz kann sich an Ca bzw. K und Ca-Mangel adaptieren. Diese Adaptation ist an die Anwesenheit des Vorhofs gebunden. 5. Die Adaptation an Ionen-Mangel ist mit einer Abgabe der fehlenden Ionen nicht erklärbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Key words Helical CT – Radiography – Screening – Cervical spine injury – Spinal fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the contribution of the anteroposterior (AP) and odontoid radiographs in cervical spine trauma when helical CT of the entire cervical spine is performed in routine screening. Methods: In part 1 of the study, 47 patients with cervical spine fracture (positive) and 92 patients without fracture (negative) were retrospectively assembled into a study population. For each patient, the lateral radiograph and the CT were evaluated for the presence or absence of fracture. The results were compared to the radiology report at the time of injury which was based on the lateral, AP, and odontoid radiographs plus the CT (gold standard). In part 2 of the study, the individual sensitivities of CT and each radiograph were determined by review of the 47 positive patients with the fracture locations known a priori. Results: In all 47 positive patients, the presence of fracture was correctly identified using only the lateral radiograph and the CT. In none of the 92 negative patients was the lateral radiograph plus CT incorrectly interpreted as positive for fracture. The sensitivities for fracture of CT, the lateral radiograph, the AP radiograph, and the odontoid radiograph were 100, 47, 28, and 18 % respectively. Conclusion: The AP and odontoid radiographs did not contribute to the evaluation of suspected cervical spine fracture when the lateral radiograph and helical CT of the entire cervical spine were performed in routine screening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Alphafetoprotein ; Liver gene expression ; Promoter/enhancer regions ; Transgenic mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A truncated mouse alphafetoprotein (AFP) gene promoter/enhancer region was tested for its ability to regulate the expression of the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in the livers of transgenic mice. The AFP regulatory region lacked any AFP gene structural DNA, included one enhancer sequence together with the proximal promoter sequence, and an element believed to be responsible for the postnatal repression of AFP gene transcription. The neonatal livers of AFP/CAT transgenic mice showed a high level of CAT enzyme expression, which was dramatically reduced between 7 and 14 days after birth. The staining of liver sections with anti-CAT antibodies showed that this expression was limited to hepatocytes. In one lineage, reexpression of CAT in the adult liver could be achieved by restitutive proliferation of hepatocytes following partial hepatectomy or CCl4-induced necrosis; reexpression in young animals (3-4 weeks of age) was even greater. These studies show that a truncated AFP promoter/enhancer region functions in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific fashion, and may be used to control the expression of other genes in the livers of transgenic mice. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 533-533 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 542-542 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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