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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary E. p. r. and absorption spectra were used to indicate the formation of the complexes between copper (II) ions and acrylic resins containing oligoamines bound via amide bonds to acrylate units. The number of bound nitrogen atoms depends on the length of the amine chain attached to acrylamide unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Amine-modified and alkylated (with butyl bromide or hexyl bromide) acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene terpolymers and alkyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymers (where alkyl=methyl, ethyl or butyl) were used as catalysts in the reaction of octyl bromide with cyanide anions. The dependence of catalytic activity as a function of the acrylate content and swelling properties was investigated. The most effective catalyst was butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer. This sample showed maximum toluene uptake from the toluene/water mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Amine modified, macroporous acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers of various crosslinking degree were used as catalysts in the reaction of octylbromide with cyano anions.The dependence of their catalytic activity upon swelling and strongly basic amino groups content were discussed.The reaction rate constants were somewhat lower than those for the reactions catalysed by other polymers containing tributylammonium groups.lt was probably due to the presence of ordered regions in copolymers containing large amounts of acrylonitrile units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 891-900 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The porosity of suspension copolymers of methacrylic acid (MA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) has been studied. The copolymers were prepared both directly from monomer blends and with toluene or n-octane as inert diluents. The pore volume and radii of pores were larger for copolymers containing 5.0% of DVB than those for copolymers containing 9.1% of DVB. The volume and radii of pores increased with increasing diluent content, but the effect of n-octane was more pronounced than that of toluene. Based on considerations of monomer reactivities and copolymer-diluent and copolymer-unreacted monomer interactions, the following model of structure of MA and DVB copolymers has been proposed: The copolymers are composed of microgels interconnected into a rigid skeletonlike structure, surrounded by lightly crosslinked and unentangled poly(methacrylic acid) chains.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 2 (1980), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The porosity measured for two series of diluent-modified styrene (S) — divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers (10 and 20 wt.-% of DVB) was found to depend on sample pre-treatment. A correlation between the volume fraction of the polymer in the swollen gel and the volume fraction of octane used as diluent has been established assuming the isotropic swelling of the sample pretreated with water before porosity determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 901-908 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Further studies of porous suspension copolymers of methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene (DVB) are reported. The qualitative structure model of the copolymers proposed previously is used to interpret the ion-exchange properties, sorption of water and aqueous sodium chloride solution, swelling, and neutralization rate. It is proposed that the close to ideal NON-SOL methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymers are composed of rigid microgels and lightly crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid). The latter swollen in water gives the gel, which tends to occupy the accessible space in the copolymer bead together with macropores detectable in the dry state. For the copolymers studied, the DVB content, 5.0 and 9.1% by weight, affects the rigid portion dimension and the extent of swelling of the whole bead, while the expansion of linear chains is determined by the distance between microgels.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3017-3020 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of preparation of carboxyl cation exchangers directly from methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene is described. A suspension technique with a concentrated aqueous calcium chloride solution as the water phase was used. n-Octane and toluene were inert diluents of the monomers. The copolymers obtained have high ion-exchange capacity (9.6-10.6 mequ./g) and porous structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 96 (1981), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polystyrolsulfonsäure-Kationenaustauscher wurden aus mit organischen Lösungsmitteln modifizierten Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymeren synthetisiert. Die Kationenaustauscher wurden wie die Ausgangspolymeren durch ihre Porosität charakterisiert. Diese variierte von 0 bis 0,45, die spezifische Oberfläche von 0 bis 350 m2/g. Diese Unterschiede wurden erhalten, indem die Kationenaustauscher aus schlecht lösenden Lösungsmitteln durch Trocknen gewonnen wurden.Die Sorptionsgrade, gegenüber dem Modellfarbstoff Methylenblau in wäßriger Lösung gemessen, erreichten den Wert eins, und die Pseudoequilibrierungszeit sank mit steigender Sorptionstemperatur. Die Sorptionsgrade des Farbstoffs aus einer Acetonlösung waren geringer und dem Quellungsgrad des Gels in Aceton proportional.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß, ähnlich wie bei den Ausgangspolymeren, auch bei den Kationenaustauschern die strukturellen änderungen beim Trocknen eintreten, und daß dies ein Ergebnis der Oberflächenspannung der Lösungsmittel ist. Die gequollenen Austauscher haben nach wie vor Gelstruktur.
    Notes: Polystyrenesulfonic cation exchangers have been obtained from styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers modified with organic solvents. The cation exchangers were characterized by varying porosity analogous to that of the parent copolymers. The porosity varied from zero to 0.45 and the specific surface area from zero to 350 m2/g; these changes were induced by drying the cation exchangers from poorly solvating solvents.The sorption degrees towards a model dye (methylene blue) from an aqueous solution reached a value up to unity and the pseudoequilibration time decreased with an increase in the sorption temperature. The sorption degrees of the dye from an acetone solution were lower and proportional to swelling of the gel in acetone.The presented results indicate that, similarly as in copolymers from which the cation exchangers were obtained, the structural changes occur on drying and they result from the surface tension of solvents, but the swollen cation exchangers have the gel structure.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden die Quellungseigenschaften der interpenetrierenden polymeren Netzwerke (IPN) auf Basis von nämlich Polymethacrylsäure-co-divinylbenzol (Poly(MA-co-DVB))-Polystyrol-co-divinylbenzol (Poly(St-co-DVB)) in einer Reihe von organischen Lösungsmitteln (Aceton, Xylol, Heptan, Methacrylsäure und Wasser) untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß das System trotz seiner inhomogenen über-molekularen Struktur eine gleichmäßige Quellung in den Lösungsmitteln zeigt, deren Löslichkeitsparameter in der Nähe von beiden Netzwerken liegen, z.B. Aceton. Wegen der begrenzten Möglichkeit der Bildung einer Wasserstoffbindung zwischen den Carboxylgruppen und die relativ leichte Bindung der kleinen Acetonmoleküle erwies sich die H+-Form der IPNs löslicher als die Na+-Form.Diese Bestimmung erlaubt die Konzentration der elastisch wirksamen Netzwerkketten (EANC) zu berechnen, die Vernetzungsdichte als Funktion der Konzentration der EANC in der Matrix und des Volumenbruchs der Durchdringungsregionen, der für die einzelnen IPNs zwischen 0,06 und 0,17 lag. Der Druchdringungsbereich konnte auch aus der spezifischen Volumenkontraktion des Gels und aus der Differenz des Volumenbruchs dieser Copolymeren im Gel aus beiden Netzwerken abgeschätzt werden. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Hydratation des Polymethylacrylat-co-divinylbenzols von der übermolekularen Struktur des IPN abhängt, insbesondere vom Dissoziationsgrad der Carboxylgruppen; daraus folgt, daß die Na+-Form stärker hydratisiert ist als die H+-From.
    Notes: The swelling properties of the interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN), namely, poly(methacrylic acid-co-divinylbenzene)-poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(MA-co-DVB)-poly(St-co-DVB)) in a series of organic solvents, i.e., acetone, xylene, heptane, methacrylic acid, and water, have been studied. It has been found that the system, in spite of its inhomogeneous supramolecular structure, exhibits a uniform swelling in the solvents having solubility parameters approaching these for both networks as, for example, in acetone. Because of the limited possibility of hydrogen bond formation between carboxyl groups, and the relative ease of bonding of the small acetone molecules, the H+ form of the IPN has been found to be more solvated than the Na+ one.These determinations allow to calculate the concentration of elastically active network chains (EANC), the crosslinking density increment factor of the IPN in relation to the concentration of EANC in the matrix, and the volume fractions of the interpenetration regions, which for the particular IPNs were found to be from 0.06 to 0.17. The interpenetration range could also be estimated from the specific volume contraction of the gel, and from the difference in the volume fraction of these copolymers in the gel of both networks. The hydration of poly(MA-co-DVB) was found to depend on the supramolecular structure of the IPN, and on the degree of dissociation of the carboxyl groups especially; it follows that the Na+ form is more highly hydrated than the H+ one.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 90 (1980), S. 167-181 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde ein Modell eines polymeren interpenetrierenden Netzwerks (IPN) vorgeschlagen, das einige Eigenschaften des Polymethacrylsäure-co-divinylbenzol (Poly-(MA-co-DVB))-Polystyrol-co-divinylbenzol (Poly(St-co-DVB)-systems im trockenen Zustand, z.B. seine Porosität, Porenvolumen und mikroskopische Beobachtungen, berücksichtigt. Es wurde gefunden, daß die übermolekulare Struktur der IPNs durch die Sekundär- und Tertiärstrukturen von Poly(St-co-DVB) (Netzwerk-1) bestimmt wird. Sie erwies sich als makroskopisch inhomogen; so bestanden die IPNs aus Netzwerk-1-Domänen aus über linear Polymerketten verbundenen Aggregaten von Mikrogelen und -kugeln und aus Poly(MA-co-DVB)-Domänen (Netzwerk-2), die aus Mikrogelen, die über lange Polymethacrylsäureketten verknüpft sind, gebildet werden. Zwischen diesen beiden Domänen existieren Durchdringungsgebiete, die durch gegenseitige Verhakung der Polymerketten charakterisiert sind.
    Notes: On the basis of some properties of poly(methacrylic acid-co-divinylbenzene)-poly-(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) system poly(MA-co-DVB)-poly(St-co-DVB)) in the dry state, i.e., its porosity, pore volume, and microscopic observations, a model of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has been proposed. It has been found that the supramolecular structure of IPNs is determined by the secondary and tertiary structures of poly(St-co-DVB) (network 1). It was found to be macroscopically inhomogeneous, thus the IPNs were composed of network 1 domains formed through the aggregation of microgels, microspheres, and linear polymer chains linking them, and of poly(MA-co-DVB) domains (network 2) formed from microgel regions linked with long chains of poly(methacrylic acid). Between those two domains interpentration regions exist that are characterized by mutual entanglement of polymer chains.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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