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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Prosaposin, a multifunctional protein, is the precursor of saposins, which activate sphingolipid hydrolases. In addition to acting as a precursor for saposins, prosaposin has been shown to rescue hippocampal CA1 neurons from lethal ischemic damage in vivo and to promote neurite extension of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Here we show that prosaposin, when added to a collagen-filled nerve guide after sciatic nerve transection in guinea pigs, increased dramatically the number of regenerating nerve fibers within the guide. To identify the target neurons of prosaposin during peripheral nerve regeneration, we determined the degree of atrophy and chromatolysis of neurons in the spinal anterior horn and dorsal root ganglia on the prosaposin-treated and untreated side. The effect of prosaposin on large spinal neurons and small neurons of the dorsal root ganglion was more conspicuous. Subsequent immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the atrophy of cholinergic large neurons in the anterior horn is prevented to significant extent by prosaposin treatment. These findings suggest that prosaposin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by acting on α-motor neurons in the anterior horn and on small sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. The present study raises the possibility of using prosaposin as a tool for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Prosaposin, a 517-amino-acid glycoprotein, not only acts as the precursor of saposin A, B, C, and D but also possesses neurotrophic activity to rescue hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemic damage in vivo and to promote neurite extension of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Recently, the trophic activity of prosaposin on human neuroblastoma cells has been shown to reside in the NH2-terminal hydrophilic sequence (LIDNNRTEEILY) of the human saposin C. Here we show that prosaposin, saposin C, and a peptide comprising the 18-amino-acid sequence (18-mer peptide; LSELIINNATEELLIKGL) located in the NH2-terminal hydrophilic sequence of the rat saposin C-domain promoted survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured rat hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, infusion for 7 days of the 18-mer peptide into the lateral ventricle of gerbils, starting either 2 h before or immediately after 3 min of forebrain ischemia, protected ischemia-induced learning disability and hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss. Thus, we ascribe the in vitro and in vivo trophic actions of prosaposin on hippocampal neurons to the linear 18-mer sequence and raise the possibility that this peptide can be used as an agent for the treatment of forebrain ischemic damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A sensitive and specific method for determining three forms of methylarginine, i.e., NG-monomethylarginine, NG,NG-dimethylarginine, and NG,NG-dimethylarginine, in mammalian tissues was developed. After partial purification by ion-exchange chromatography, the methyl-arginines were derivatized to phenylthiocarbamyl compounds and quantitatively determined using HPLC with a reverse-phase C18 column. In rat organs, the highest concentrations of methylarginines were observed in the spleen. In rat brain, cerebellum and olfactory bulb contained large amounts of NG-monomethylarginine and NG,NG-dimethylarginine. A detailed study of the distribution of methylarginines in the bovine brain was also made, and the concentration of NG,NG-dimethylarginine was almost the same in all regions. The cerebellar gray matter, hippocampus, and hypothalamus contained large amounts of methylarginines. The distribution of methylarginines seems to parallel the distribution of nitric oxide synthase, which is known to be inhibited by NG-monomethylarginine. This may indicate that methylarginines play some role in controlling nitric oxide synthase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 405-406 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new polymorphic 40-nucleotide repeat in the human dopamine transporter gene is described. It may underlie individual differences in susceptibility to several neuropsychiatric diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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