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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption–desorption of ‘aged’ isoxaflutole and diketonitrile degradate in soil (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isoxaflutole is a relatively new herbicide used for weed control in maize. The objective of this research was to increase the understanding of the behaviour and environmental fate of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile (DKN) degradate in soil, including determination of the strength of sorption to soil and whether sorption is affected by ageing. In sandy loam (SL) and silty clay (SiCl) soils, 14C-isoxaflutole was found to dissipate rapidly after application to soil; recovery ranged from ∼42% to 68% at week 0, and recovery had decreased to 〈10% at week 12. Decreases in 14C isoxaflutole residues over time in SL and SiCl soils are consistent with hydrolysis of isoxaflutole and formation of bound DKN residues in the soil. DKN recovery from freshly treated SiCl and SL soils was 41% to 52%. After a 12-week incubation in SL soil at pH 7.1 and 8.0, recoveries were similar, ∼40%. However, at week 12 in SL soil pH 5.7, DKN recovery decreased to ∼28%. DKN recovery in SiCl soil at week 12 was 〈10%. Increases in sorption of DKN in SL at pH 5.7 and SiCl soil over time indicate that the DKN degradate is tightly bound to the soil and sorption is affected by soil pH and soil type. Sorption of 14C-DKN in the SiCl soil more than doubled with ageing compared with the lower Kd sorption coefficient values of the SL soils. In the SiCl soil at time 0, the Kd was 0.6; at 1 week, Kd increased to 2; and at the end of the 12-week incubation period, Kd was 4.5. This strong binding of DKN to the soil may be due to chelate formation in the interlayer of the clay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00414.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and leaching potential of herbicides on Brazilian soils (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sorption of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, dicamba, hexazinone, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, simazine and sulfometuron-methyl was characterized on six Brazilian soils, using the batch equilibration method. In general, weak acid herbicides (dicamba, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron and sulfometuron-methyl) were the least sorbed, whereas weak bases such as triazines and nonionic herbicides (alachlor) were the most sorbed. The Kd values found showed a significant correlation with soil organic carbon content (OC) for all herbicides except imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. Koc values showed a smaller variation among soils than Kd. To estimate the leaching potential, Koc and the ground-water ubiquity score (GUS) were used to calculate half-lives (t1/2) that would rank these herbicides as leachers or non-leachers. Comparison of calculated values to published values for t1/2 demonstrated that sulfonylureas and hexazinone are leachers in all soils, alachlor is transitional, and atrazine, simazine and dicamba are leachers or transitional, depending on soil type. Results discussed in this paper provide background to prioritize herbicides or chemical groups that should be evaluated in field conditions with regard to their leaching potential to ground-water in tropical soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00219.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of trifluralin and metabolites on the decomposition of selected substrates by soil microorganisms (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Herbicides ; Microbial inhibitors ; Cotton ; Herbicide effects ; Trifluralin ; 14CO2 evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of trifluralin and 12 of its soil-formed metabolites on the decomposition of radio-labelled glucose, protein and cellulose were determined, using 14CO2 evolution from soil as a measure of decomposition. Trifluralin increased 14C-glucose mineralization rates, but these increases could be eliminated by adding N. Trifluralin had no inhibitory effect on the mineralization of protein or cellulose, but five of the metabolites inhibited glucose mineralization. None of the trifluralin metabolites affected protein mineralization. Seven trifluralin metabolites increased the rate of cellulose mineralization when applied at rates exceeding those that would be expected in soil. After considering the rate of metabolite application and the magnitude of the responses observed these compounds are expected to have no major effects on the microbial decomposition processes in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257657
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