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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of fish meal and soyabean meal as a protein source in the diet of grass carp fry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 18 (1979), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(79)90023-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggressive angiographic diagnosis in acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (1987)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 248-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the value of recently developed aggressive pharmacologic angiographic techniques for the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, we reviewed our experience with 63 consecutive patients referred for angiography. Hemorrhage was severe as indicated by a mean blood transfusion requirement of 9.4 units. Extravasation of contrast (46%), or an obvious vascular abnormality suggestive of a bleeding site (32%), was identified in 78% of patients. Extravasation was seen more frequently in patients with ≥3 units of transfusion (66%) than in those with 〈3 units of transfusion (17%,P〈0.001). After the introduction of pharmacologic techniques using heparin, tolazoline, streptokinase, and indwelling arterial catheters, the percentage of studies with extravasation of contrast increased from 32 to 65% (P〈0.01). Application of aggressive angiographic techniques increases the diagnostic yield of angiography in acute severe lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage while exposing the patient to modest increased procedure-related risks which can be accepted in selected patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297049
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardized uptake values of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose: the value of different normalization orocedures (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ; Standardized uptake value ; Semiquantitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract While the evident advantages of absolute metabolic rate determinations cannot be equalled by static image analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (FDG PET) studies, various algorithms for the normalization of static FDG uptake values have been proposed. This study was performed to compare different normalization procedures in terms of dependency on individual patient characteristics. Standardized FDG uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for liver and lung tissue in 126 patients studied with wholebody FDG PET. Uptake values were normalized for total body weight, lean body mass and body surface area. Ranges, means, medians, standard deviations and variation coefficients of these SUV parameters were calculated and their interdependency with total body weight, lean body mass, body surface area, patient height and blood sugar levels was calculated by means of regression analysis. Standardized FDG uptake values normalized for body surface area were clearly superior to SUV parameters normalized. for total body weight or lean body mass. Variation and correlation coefficients of body surface area-normalized uptake values were minimal when compared with SUV parameters derived from the other normalization procedures. Normalization for total body weight resulted in uptake values still dependent on body weight and blood sugar levels, while normalization for lean body mass did not eliminate the positive correlation with lean body mass and patient height. It is concluded that normalization of FDG uptake values for body surface area is less dependent on the individual patient characteristics than are FDG uptake values normalized for other parameters, and therefore appears to be preferable for FDG PET studies in oncology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833394
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of isotropic materials by thermomechanical treatment (1967)
    Springer
    Materials science 3 (1967), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-885X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The general principles of thermomechanical treatment for ensuring isotropy of mechanical properties are discussed. The deformation conditions of isotropy are formulated, and an expression is derived for estimating the intensity of plastic deformation during the treatment which may consist of several cycles. As a specific example of a treatment of this kind a high-temperature thermomechanical treatment of steel ShKh15 and 37KhN3A torsion bars (involving a single deformation cycle in torsion) is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715096
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptive fields of neurons in the lateral suprasylvian area of the cat (1982)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 14 (1982), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The structure of receptive fields of single neurons in the lateral suprasylvian area of the cat's cortex was studied. Receptive fields of neurons in this area are larger (up to 2000 deg2 or more) than those of the visual projection cortex. A difference was found in the sizes of these fields of the same neuron when measured by presentation of a black object and spot of light. Experimental results showed that most neurons of the area (104 of 148) that are sensitive to visual stimulation respond clearly to flashes of a stationary spot of light. Because of this feature the structure of the receptive fields of the neurons were studied by point by point testing of their whole surface. Intensities of on- and off-components of on-off neurons were found to differ. Only 16% of receptive fields had equal numbers of discharges in on- and off-components of the on-off response. Dominance of one component was observed in 84% of on-off neurons. Receptive fields with several discharge centers are a characteristic feature of neurons in this area. A concentric organization of the receptive fields was found in 11% of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065124
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of receptive fields of hyppocampal visually-sensitive neurons in the cat (1991)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 23 (1991), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the structure of receptive fields (RF) in the visually sensitive CA1 and CA3 fields of the dorsal hippocampus in alert cats subjected to pretrigeminal section of the brain stem. Scanning with moving stimuli and mapping the whole RF area with point by point application of a stationary stimulus, we studied 76 RF neurons. We found no significant differences in the response characteristics of neurons of fields CA1 and CA3. Our data are a basis for classifying the neurons in the following groups: homogeneous RF structure of the RF (54%) and nonhomogeneous structure (28%) and weak reaction to the standard stimulus, but a strong reaction to movement (18%). The results showed that responses of some of the hippocampal neurons exhibit high specificity. Thus, 9% of the neurons with nonhomogeneous RF structure disclosed with static stimuli reacted variously to a change in contrast and contours of moving stimuli. The data presented indicate that visually sensitive neurons of the hippocamus have a relatively well-developed mechanism for processing visual sensory information and this obviously ensures participation of the limbic system in visually controlled behavior of the animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054133
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiarities of summation processes in visual-sensitive neurons in the pretectal area of cat (1993)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 25 (1993), S. 312-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summation processes occurring in single neurons of the pretectal area in response to either moving or stationary light stimuli were studied in acute experiments on cats. In most neurons studied (85%), gradual increase of the angular size of stimulus resulted in clearly defined summation. In neurons lacking directional sensitivity (nondirectional neurons) the stimulus movement in two opposite directions caused, as a rule, similar and symmetrical changes in the number of spikes, whereas under the same conditions direction-sensitive neurons, in addition to symmetrical development of summation processes, could exhibit substantial differences in the summation curves. The responses to a preferred movement direction could be significantly inhibited or facilitated, while the responses to a non-preferred direction remained stable or changed reciprocally. Neuronal responses to different directions of the movement of stimulus might change independently of each other. This was also the case whenon andoff responses of theon—off neurons to stationary stimuli were compared. It is concluded that neurons of the pretectal area have a complex infrastructure of receptive fields that significantly influences the integration of incoming information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054264
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cat pulvinar neurons to moving visual stimuli (1978)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 10 (1978), S. 252-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Responses of 114 pulvinar neurons to moving visual stimuli were studied. Most (79) neurons possessed spontaneous activity (10–25 spikes/sec). Of 59 neurons tested, 31 responded to stimulation of both retinas and 28 to stimulation only of the contralateral retina. Of 114 neurons, 41 responded only to movement of black objects, while the rest responded to movement of both black and light objects. According to the character of their responses to movement the neurons were divided into two main groups. The first group consisted of neurons sensitive to the direction of motion and responding with a spike discharge to movement in one direction and by inhibition to movement in the opposite direction. The second group included neurons insensitive to the direction of motion and responding by an equal number of discharges to movements in two opposite directions. Besides these two main groups, other neurons responding to movement in two opposite directions by discharges with different temporal distribution and also neurons which changed the character of their response from nondirectional to directional depending on the size of the moving stimulus, were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071716
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of receptive fields of motion-senstitive neurons in the cat pulvinar (1982)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 14 (1982), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of 70 visually sensitive neurons in the cat pulvinar sensitive to motion in the receptive fields was studied. The experimental results showed that components with directional characteristics are present in the structure of these fields of both direction-selective and unselective neurons. In the receptive fields of direction-selective neurons the directional elements of the substructure have identical preferred directions, which coincide with the preferred directions of response to stimulus movement over the entire receptive field. The organization of receptive fields of direction-selective neurons of the visual association structure thus does not differ significantly from that of analogous fields of visual projection neurons. Directional elements of the receptive fields of direction-unselective neurons were found to have different preferred directions, thereby providing a basis for organization of the nondirectional response of the neuron to a stimulus moving across the entire receptive field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058731
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of neurons responding to photic stimulation in the Clare-Bishop area in cats (1979)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 11 (1979), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal organization in the Clare-Bishop cortical association area was studied by consecutive vertical penetration of an electrode and analysis of unit responses to photic stimulation during each penetration. Activity of one or two neurons was recorded during 131 penetrations, and activity of over 3 neurons responding to photic stimulation (visually driven) during 55 penetrations. In 8 of the 55 penetrations all neurons discovered in each had identical characteristics; this type of organization corresponded most of all to the columnar organization of the cortical neurons. In 24 penetrations the neurons were arranged in groups: two or three neurons of one type intermingled with neurons of other types. In 18 penetrations considerable overlapping of the receptive fields of neurons in the same column was observed. A chaotic distribution of neurons with different characteristics was found in 5 penetrations. It is suggested that the organization of neurons in the Clare-Bishop area in columns as functional units of cortical structure is not the principal type of their organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066644
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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