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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bose–Einstein condensation denotes the formation of a collective quantum ground state of identical particles with integer spin or intrinsic angular momentum. In magnetic insulators, the magnetic properties are due to the unpaired shell electrons that have half-integer spin. However, in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 18 (1965), S. 569-575 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 53 (1963), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rats ; hepatocytes ; phosphoinositide cascade ; zinc ; metallothionein ; alkaline phosphatase ; Ratten ; Hepatocyten ; Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystem ; Zink ; Metallothionein ; alkalische Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Modell primärer Rattenhepatocytenkulturen wurde die Beteiligung von Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems am Metabolismus von Metallothionein (MT) und alkalischer Phosphatase (ALP) untersucht. Alle Experimente wurden in DMEM/F12 (Ham)-Medium sowohl nach 24stündiger Vorinkubation mit foetalem Kälberserum (FCS) als auch nach Vorinkubation mit Rinderserumalbumin (BSA) durchgeführt. Die Versuche an den Hepatocytenkulturen wurden mit Dexamethason (DEX), Zink (Zn) und den Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems, der Calciumionophore A 23187, 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetat (TPA), Angiotensin II (AT), Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) und Arg8-Vasopressin (VP), durchgeführt. Als Parameter wurden die Konzentrationen an MT und die Aktivität der ALP im Zellmaterial bestimmt. Die Vitalität der Kulturen wurde über die Freisetzung der Aktivität der Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) ins Kulturmedium, der Induzierbarkeit der Tyrosinaminotransferase (TAT) durch DEX und der Anfärbbarkeit der Zellen mit Trypanblau nachgewiesen. Die Zellvitalität wurde durch die FCS-Vorinkubation und DEX-Supplementierung insgesamt verbessert. Unabhängig davon, ob die Zellen mit FCS oder BSA vorinkubiert wurden, stieg der MT-Gehalt der Zellen durch Zn und DEX, als aus der Literatur bekannte direkte Induktoren von MT, um ein Mehrfaches an. Nach FCS-Vorbehandlung war ein moderater Anstieg der ALP-Aktivität nachzuweisen, der jedoch als Vitalitätseffekt interpretiert werden kann. DEX und Zn führten zu keinen Veränderungen der ALP-Aktivität. Alle getesteten Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems konnten weder MT noch ALP induzieren. Lediglich A 23187 führte zu einer signifikanten konzentrationsabhängigen Reduktion der beiden Parameter. Diese Beobachtung wurde, durch den Anstieg der LDH-Aktivität im Medium und der Zunahme mit Trypanblau anfärbbaren Zellen, auf einen cytotoxischen Effekt von A 23187 zurückgeführt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems nicht in der Lage sind, den Metabolismus von MT und ALP primärer Rattenhepatocyten zu verändern. Die Ergebnisse früherer in vivo Experimente, in denen Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems den Zn-Stoffwechsel der Leber modulierten, können somit als indirekter systemischer Effekt gedeutet werden.
    Notes: Summary Adult rat primary hepatocytes maintained in DMEM/F12 (Ham) media were used as a model system for studying the role of fetal calf serum (FCS) and agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade in the metabolism of metallothionein (MT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Experiments were performed both after a 24 h preincubation with FCS and with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Hepatocytes were treated with dexamethasone (DEX), zinc (Zn) and with the agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade A 23187, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), angiotensin II (AT), platelet activating factor (PAF), Arg8-vasopressin (VP) and were analyzed for MT and ALP activity in cell homogenates. Cell viability was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation into culture medium, induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) through DEX and by trypan blue exclusion. Overall, cell viability was improved by the FCS pretreatment and by DEX. Exposure of hepatocytes to the established direct inducers Zn and DEX of MT resulted in a manifold increase in MT, independent of whether the cultures were FCS pretreated or not. The FCS preincubation produced a moderate elevation of ALP activity by stimulating cell viability. However, ALP was unaltered in response to Zn and DEX. None of the experiments conducted with agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade led to an elevation of MT and ALP. Only the incubation of hepatocytes with A 23187 resulted in a concentration dependent significant decrease of MT and ALP. This observation was due to a cytotoxic effect of A 23187, displayed by LDH leakage and an increase in the number of cells stained with trypan blue. In conclusion, in primary hepatocyte cultures agonists of the phosphoinositide did not have an effect on the metabolism of MT and ALP. Previous in vivo results indicating alterations of Zn metabolism in liver, therefore seem to be caused by indirect systemic responses.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 12 (1973), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Summarizing we would say: approximately 30% of the total calories of a balanced parenteral regime are assumed at the moment by many workers to be an optimal fat ratio in patients without the immediately preceding influence of stress Very many patients are fed parenterally after operations or trauma. The caloric requirements of these patients are increased. The possibility of covering these requirements, however, by the use of high-caloric fat emulsions is rather limited as is demonstrated by the deterioration of N-balances. One reason may be the combustion of endogenous fat reserves maximally activated after the stress — which of course means an abundant availability of fat at a cellular level. Another reason may be the activation of gluconeogenesis by congested acetyl-CoA as a specific biochemical interrelationship in cellular metabolism. An optimum for the fat ratio in postoperative states is not as yet known. Fat emulsions and ethyl alcohol — in spite of both being valuable highcaloric substrates — are metabolically incompatible both in stressed and unstressed patients.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: TPA ; A 23187 ; Metallothionein ; Alkalische Phosphatase ; Zink ; TPA ; A 23187 ; metallothionein ; alkaline phosphatase ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an activator of proteinkinase C and A 23187, a calcium ionophore increasing cytosolic free calcium concentration on zinc metabolism was investigated in a study with 24 eight-week old rats. Twenty-four hours before killing, the rats (235 g body weight, 8 per group) were either injected intraperitoneally with TPA (1.6×10−7 mol/kg body weight) or A 23187 (1.6×10−6 mol/kg body weight). Control rats received the solvent dimethylsulfoxide. The application of TPA and A 23187 provoked a marked decline in feed intake accompanied by a reduction in body weight and liver mass. Serum concentrations of zinc were reduced significantly after A 23187 injections. TPA and A 23187 increased liver zinc levels by 20 and 30% respectively, if based on fresh and dry weight. The injections, however, did not alter total liver zinc. Liver metallothionein (MT) concentration was elevated 2.4-fold after TPA administration. The increase in response to A 23187 was only 1.5-fold and not significant. Mucosa MT levels were not altered. Serum activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly reduced (TPA: −23%, A 23187: −31%). There was no change in serum glucose after injections. However, serum creatinin and urea were increased in response to A 23187. In conclusion, TPA and A 23187 had an effect on zinc metabolism of the rat, most marked in the case of MT induction in the liver. There is evidence that the reduced feed intake caused by TPA and A 23187 resulted in effects indistinguishable from those caused by fasting. Further experiments are needed to clarify whether proteinkinase C and cytosolic free calcium are directly involved in the regulation of zinc metabolism.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 8 Wochen alten, ca. 235 g schweren Albinoratten wurde der Einfluß von 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetat (TPA), einem Aktivator der Proteinkinase C, und A 23187, einer Ca-Ionophore, die die intracelluläre freie Ca2+-Konzentration erhöht, auf den Zinkmetabolismus geprüft. Jeweils 8 Tiere erhielten 24 h vor dem Töten eine ip-Injektion mit 1,6×10−7 mol TPA/kg GKM, 1,6×10−6 mol A 23187/kg GKM bzw. Dimethylsulfoxid, dem Lösungsmittel der Agonisten, als Kontrolle. Nach Applikation von TPA und A 23187 wurde eine erhebliche Verzehrsdepression beobachtet, die mit einer verminderten Gesamtkörpermasse und Lebermasse einherging. Die Serum-Zn-Konzentration fiel durch A 23187 signifikant von 710 auf 470µg/L ab. Infolge TPA- bzw. A 23187-Behandlung stieg die Zn-Konzentration in der Leber in Frisch- und Trockenmasse signifikant um 20 bzw. 30% an. Die totale Leberzinkmenge war dagegen in allen Gruppen unverändert. Die Konzentration an Metallothionein (MT) in der Leber stieg durch TPA signifikant um das 2,4fache. Bei A 23187 betrug diese Zunahme lediglich das 1,5fache. Keine Veränderungen traten beim Mucosa-MT auf. Die Aktivität der Alkalischen Phosphatase (AP) wurde im Serum nach TPA- bzw. A 23187-Behandlung von 258 U/L um 23% bzw. 31% signifikant reduziert. Die Glucosekonzentration im Serum blieb bei allen Versuchsvarianten unverändert im Normbereich. Harnstoff und Creatinin im Serum stiegen dagegen durch A 23187 signifikant an. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß TPA und A 23187 einen Einfluß auf den Zn-Metabolismus der Ratte ausüben, wobei dieser Effekt bei der Leber-MT-Induktion am ausgeprägtesten ist. Die durch TPA und A 23187 induzierte Verzehrsdepression hat zur Folge, daß auch Effekte auftreten, die nicht vom Hungerstoffwechsel zu unterscheiden sind. Daher sind zur Differenzierung zwischen Agonist- und Hungereffekt weitergehende Untersuchungen erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Programmable Pacemakers ; Prolongation of Battery Life ; Myocardial Sutureless Lead ; Programmierbare Herzschrittmacher ; Laufzeitverlängerung ; Schraubelektrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das neue Omnicor-Schrittmacher-System (Fa. Cordis) ermöglicht such nach der Implantation jederzeit die Veränderung von Schrittmacherfrequenz und Impulsstromstärke. Seit Oktober 1972 wurden an der Gießener Chir. Univ.-Klinik 110 dieser Omnicor-Schrittmacher implantiert. In sämtlichen Fällen konnte die Ausgangsleistung der Schrittmacher deutlich reduziert werden. Seit Juni 1973 wurden 50 Schrittmacher mit einer myokardialen Schraubelektrode (Fa. Medtronic) kombiniert. Die Implantation dieser Elektrode ist problemlos and zeitsparend, die Reizschwellenwerte sind sehr günstig.
    Notes: Summary The new Omnicor pacer system (Cordis) permits a change of rate and of output current at any time, before or after implantation. Since October 1973, in the Surgical Clinic of the University of Giessen we have implanted 110 Omnicor pacemakers. In all patients the output of the pacers could be distinctly reduced. Since June 1973 we have been combining the Omnicor pacers with a new sutureless myocardial lead (Medtronic). This lead is easily installed and low stimulation thresholds can be received.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 627-628 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 33 (1963), S. 36-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Rz ; 42.60.Lh ; 78.45. + h
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of Excited-State Absorption (ESA) on the green laser transition and the overlap of Ground-State Absorption (GSA) and ESA for 970 nm upconversion pumping in erbium is investigated in Er3+ : BaY2F8 and Cs3Er2Br9. Results are compared to Er3+ : LiYF4. In Er3+: BaY2F8, a good overlap between GSA and ESA is found at 969 nm in one polarization direction. The emission cross section at 550 nm is a factor of two smaller than in LiYF4. In Cs3Er2Br9, the smaller Stark splitting of the levels shifts the wavelengths of the green emission and ESA from4 I 1 3/2 off resonance. It enhances, however, ground-state reabsorption. The emission cross section at 550 nm is comparable to LiYF4. Upconversion leads to significant green fluorescence from2 H 9/2. A significant population of the4 I 11/2 level and ESA at 970 nm are not present under 800 nm pumping.
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