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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of fallout 239+240Pu and 241Am with various soil components in successive layers of a grassland soil (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 2513-2518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00010a006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural radioactive contaminants in solder
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 238 (1985), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(85)91049-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Chernobyl-derived 239+240Pu, 241Am, 90Sr and 137Cs with different molecular size fractions of organic matter in the soil solution of two grassland soils (1998)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 37 (1998), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Radiocesium is normally bound only rather weakly and unspecifically by humic substances, in contrast to the actinides Pu and Am. Recently, however, it was observed that fallout 137Cs in the soil solution from an Of-horizon of a podzol forest soil (slightly decomposed plant material) was associated essentially only with one single size fraction of the humic substances. In deeper soil layers with well humified material (AOh-horizon), radiocesium was associated with all size fractions of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). To examine whether this unexpected behaviour is also observable for DOM isolated from other soils, we determined the association of fallout 137Cs,90Sr,238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am with various size fractions of DOM from in situ soil solutions isolated from two layers (0–2 cm and 2–5 cm) of two grassland soils (a soddy podzolic soil and a peat soil) within the 10 km zone of the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl (Ukraine). The four size fractions of DOM as obtained by gel filtration of the soil solution were (mean nominal molecular weight in daltons): fraction I: ≥2000, fraction II: 1300; fraction III: 560, fraction IV: inorganic compounds. The results for the well humified DOM (humus accumulation horizon of podzol, deeper layer of peat soil) showed that Pu and Am are essentially associated with the high molecular weight fractions, while Sr is present only in the `inorganic' fraction. Radiocesium is found in all the size fractions separated. A quite similar pattern was also found for Pu, Am, and Sr in the soil solution from only slightly decomposed plant material (0–2 cm of peat soil), but not for radiocesium. This radionuclide was again essentially only observable in one single low molecular weight fraction of DOM. The above results thus support our recent observations in the different horizons of a forest podzol mentioned above, even though no reason for the different binding of radiocesium by well humified soil organic matter and by only slightly decomposed plant material can be given at present. The data demonstrate, however, that information on only the total amount of a radionuclide in the soil solution will not be sufficient to interpret or predict its fate adequately in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple radiochemical determination of90Sr in environmental samples (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 148 (1991), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simple procedure for the determination of90Sr in environmental samples is described. The method uses the different solubilities of the oxalates of calcium and strontium in presence of a large excess of calcium. For this reason the method is especially suited for Ca-rich samples, as e.g., bones or soils. However, after addition of supplementary calcium it works equally well for other types of samples. The method was tested by analyzing the IAEA Certified Reference Materials soil, animal bone and algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060553
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of238Pu,239+240Pu,241Pu,241Am,242Cm,244Cm,89Sr, and90Sr in vegetation samples, and application to Chernobyl-fallout contaminated grass (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 138 (1990), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of238Pu,239+240Pu,241Pu,241Am,242Cm,244Cm,89Sr, and90Sr in vegetation samples. The method was applied for the determination of these, radionuclides in grass, collected near Munich after the fallout from the reactor accident at Chernobyl, USSR. The specific activities observed were (in Bq kg−1 dry weight):238Pu, 0.077;239+240Pu, 0.15;241Pu, 3.9;241Am, 0.031;242Cm, 3.0;244Cm, ≤0.008;89Sr, 2000;90Sr, 99.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049350
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic degradation of large vegetation samples for the simultaneous determination of129I, actinides and strontium (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 156 (1992), S. 21-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical procedure is given for the simultaneous determination of low levels of129I, actinides (Pu, Am, Cm) and90Sr in vegetation samples. It is shown that grass samples up to 5 kg fresh weight can be wet ashed conveniently by hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions, subsequent to an initial enzymatic disintegration. After purification of the iodine fraction,129I is determined by neutron activation analysis. Using alpha spectrometry,238Pu and239,240Pu are determined in the plutonium fraction, and241Am,242Cm, and244Cm in the americium/curium fraction. The90Sr is determined after separation by beta counting its decay product90Y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of plutonium and americium in biological and environmental samples (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 115 (1987), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical method is given to determine the specific activity of238Pu, $${}^{239/240}\bar Pu$$ and241Am from the global fallout in environmental and biological samples. The radiochemical recovery was for human livers Pu: 60–70%, Am: 40–60%; Bran: Pu: 50–70%, Am: 30–40%; Soil: Pu: 50–80%, Am: 30–50%. The resolution of the alpha-spectrum was for soils 30–40 keV and for livers and brans 40–60 KeV. To facilitate the wet ashing of large amounts of bran (15 kg), which are necessary to determine the presently very small activity concentrations of the transuranic elements in these types of samples, a fermentation process was employed. The procedure was tested by using NBS standard reference material and subsequently applied for the determination of Pu and Am from the global fallout in livers, plant tissues (bran), and soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient radiochemical separation for the determination of plutonium in environmental samples, using a supported, highly specific extractant (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 186 (1994), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical separation procedure has been developed for a very efficient isolation of plutonium from environmental samples. Essentially, the method involves the following steps: ashing of the sample and preparation of the load solution; separation of plutonium by a column containing a commercially available, highly specific, supported extractant; electrodeposition of Pu and subsequent α-spectrometry. Detailed procedures are reported for liver samples and for soil. The modifications necessary for sample sizes above 5 g dry weight and up to 200 g are also given. Recoveries of added tracers are 60–70%. The precision of the method is 〈10% (RSD). The accuracy was examined by analyzing also certified standard reference materials. Due to the very efficient isolation of Pu, the resulting α-spectrum is virtually free of interfering α-emitters of Th and U.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162624
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple radiochemical determination of90Sr in brines (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 212 (1996), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simple radiochemical procedure is described for the determination of90Sr in brines, which are very highly concentrated in sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulfate ions. The method is based on the different solubility of yttrium as compared to that of strontium, calcium and magnesium in ammonium chloride solutions, and utilizes Eichroms resin TRU·Spec for the purification of the yttrium fraction. The overall time required for the90Sr analysis (excluding the counting time) is less than one day. Because the procedure involves only rather simple steps, it is well suited for routine analyses of large sample numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162346
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plutonium in lungs and livers of persons from Chernobyl fallout affected areas in Byelorussia (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 176 (1993), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract 239+240Pu and-when possible-also the ratio238Pu/239+240Pu was determined in the lungs and livers of 15 residents from Chernobyl-fallout contaminated areas in Byelorussia. In several cases various sections of the lungs were analyzed separately. With the exception of one person the activity concentrations of239+240Pu, were always within the range expected from the global fallout of weapon tests in the sixties and did not indicate any contribution of Chernobyl-derived plutonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164475
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