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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 23 (1983), S. 297-315 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a procédé à l'essai d'éprouvettes de différentes épaisseurs réalisées en acier faiblement allié en vue de déterminer la ténacité à la rupture sous charge statique et d'impact à température ambiante et à basse température. On a trouvé que pour les éprouvettes correspondantes à chaque épaisseur, il existait une température de transition spécifique ductile-fragile Tps, définie comme la limite supérieure de température sous laquelle les conditions d'état plan de déformation sont atteintes à la rupture. La température Tpsainsi que la température de transition de fragilité T50, correspondant à une surface de rupture présentant 50% de ductilité, se relèvent avec un accroissement de l'épaisseur B de l'éprouvette. La valeur de Tps a été trouvée en dépendance linéaire du lgB à la fois en contrainte statique et en contrainte d'impact.
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of different thickness made of a low-alloy steel were tested to determine fracture toughness under static and impact loading at room and low temperatures. It was found that for the specimen of each thickness there was a specific brittle-to-ductile transition temperature Tpsdefined as the upper temperature boundary up to which plane-strain conditions were valid at fracture. The temperature Tps, as well as the brittleness transition temperature T 50 (determined via the 50% ductile component of the fracture surface), rose with the increase in the thickness B of a specimen. The value of Tpswas found to be in a linear dependence on lgB for both static and impact loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strength of materials 14 (1982), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strength of materials 16 (1984), S. 108-114 
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The method of stereofractographic examination of the stretched zone on two fracture halves was used to determine the values of 2h for ChSN 15313 steel in the temperature range 73–253°K in dynamic loading. 2. A correlation was found in the given temperature range between the height of the stretched zone and crack opening displacement predicted by the mathematical models. The coefficient of linear correlation between 2h and K2 Qd/Eσ0.2d is equal to 0.9. 3. The stretched zone does not form at temperatures below 153°K. 4. The correlation between JId and δc in dynamic loading was verified by means of experiments. The derived equation makes it possible to determine the dynamic fracture toughness KJd on the basis of the values of KQd, the dynamic yield stress, and the height of the stretched zone 2h, characterizing the plastic crack opening displacement, in the conditions of elastoplastic loading. 5. The results indicate that the quantitative stereofractographic method can be used successfully for evaluating the fracture resistance of the materials, especially in the impact loading conditions in which the determination of crack opening displacement by other methods is difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strength of materials 19 (1987), S. 1478-1485 
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The results of stereofractographic measurements of the height of the straight zone are in satisfactory agreement with the results of determination of the cracking resistance by the standard methods: there is a linear relationship between both groups of data for the examined loading rates and temperatures up to the temperature of start of subcritical growth rate. This confirms that fracture toughness can be evaluated independently by stereofractographic measurement of the height of the stretch zone. 2. In all the test conditions examined, the direction of the initial stage of crack propagation greatly differs from the main direction of crack growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strength of materials 19 (1987), S. 1077-1084 
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. On the basis of the proposed calculation model representing the specimen for the support-free tests in impact bending consisting of two rods connected with an elastic hinge, we derived the mathematical description of the process of the test and the relations predicting the nature of dependence of the main parameters of the process with time. 2. Taking into account the resulting relations, we proposed the equaiton for determining the value of the stress concentration factor at any moment in loading of the specimen, including its maximum value for the given type of test. 3. We proposed equations for predicting the type of load-time oscillogram and the period of natural oscillations of the specimen which is in satisfactory agreement with its empirical value. The authors are grateful to Doctor of Technical Sciences, Sh. U. Galiev for useful discussion of the work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strength of materials 19 (1987), S. 1252-1259 
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. To more accurately determine the fracture toughness of materials, allowance should be made for inertial effects which take place in impact tests — including tests in which the specimen is attached to the striker. 2. To determine fracture toughness in impact tests, it is necessary to isolate the inertial component of the oscillogram, establish the bending moment in the crack plane from inertial forces and the forces of interaction between the specimen on the one hand and the supports and striker on the other hand, and find the fracture toughness from the total bending moment. 3. Inertial forces have no effect on the determination of fracture toughness if the time to fracture tf is greater than the time of specimen acceleration tb, which can be established from Eqs. (7) and (21).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The flexibility β of the contact-zone/block system is determined experimentally from impact tests. In the case when high loading rates are used and massive specimens are tested, plastic deformations develop in the contact zone; this leads to effective β values on the low side. 2. The duration and total amplitude of the resultant KI-t and P-t curves for supportfree tests are determined primarily by the flexibility of the specimen, while their character (the number of peaks, and their amplitude) is determined by the ratios of the flexibilities of specimen and block. 3. A method of calculating KI for a support-free impact loading is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. 4. During the impact testing of specimens on supports, separation of the specimen from the supports occurs at the initial time, i.e., these tests are actually support-free at the initial time. The moment of repeated contact between the specimen and the supports of the impact-testing machine corresponds approximately to time required for the force to reach the local minium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. For high-strength irons with nodular graphite the coefficient α in Eq. (2) should be taken as equal to 1.7–1.8. 2. To obtain high-strength iron with nodular graphite and possessing high crack resistance the pearlite content must not exceed 60% and the manganese content 0.6%. 3. A good correlation has been established between fracture toughness and the average distance between the graphite inclusions. 4. The fracture micromechanism of irons is determined to a great degree by the tendency of the matrix toward plastic deformation under the given specific conditions. In the case of an embrittled matrix failure occurs by transgranular cleavage, and under conditions favoring plastic flow irons fail with the formation of so-called honeycomb relief. 5. The graphite inclusions play an important role in the fracture micromechanism. Being elementary stress raisers in a relatively uniform matrix, they promote the development of spherical voids around the nodules with subsequent rupture of the crosslinks and the formation of a honeycomb relief (if the matrix is formed plastically) or the appearance of brittle microcracks in the vicinity of them (if the matrix is embrittled).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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