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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of light-dark adaptation on the ultrastructure ofLimulus lateral eye retinular cells (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 107 (1976), S. 77-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of retinular cells within lateral eyes ofLimulus polyphemus which had been dark or light adapted for 12 h in vivo was studied via electron microscopy. The ommatidium to ommatidium and retinular cell to retinular cell variability observed in light microscope studies was confirmed. The rhabdomeric microvilli were longer and narrower, the area of contiguous microvillar membranes greater, the endoplasmic reticulum less abundant and the mitochondrial granules (? calcium containing) more numerous in well dark adapted than in well light adapted retinular cells (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8) and membrane whorls or “vacuoles” were present in the peripheral cytoplasm of very well light adapted retinular cells (Fig. 6). Phagocytotic vesicles, multivesicular bodies and lysosomes were present in the interrhabdomeral cytoplasm of partially light adapted retinular cells (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 10). The number of retinular cell microvilli in contact with the eccentric cell dendrite was smaller in very well light adapted than in well dark adapted ommatidia (Fig. 9). The possible functional significance of these light-dependent structural changes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00663920
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral photoreceptor of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral eye ; Barnacle ; Morphometry ; Osmium fixation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral eye of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus, fixed in highly concentrated osmium is a lens-shaped body of approximately 250 μm in diameter and about 75 μm thick. It contains three photoreceptor cells which occupy about 42% of its volume. The photoreceptor cells are irregularly shaped and extend countless dendritic processes which bear rhabdomeres at their ends. Individual rhabdomeres come into contact with rhabdomeres originating from dendrites of the same or of one of the other visual cells. Thirteen per cent of the volume of the photoreceptor cells is taken up by the rhabdomeres. The membranes of the rhabdomeric microvilli contain globular subunits which suggest a 70 Å spacing of rhodopsin molecules. There are two kinds of glial cells. One kind, type A glial cells, makes contact with the fibrous capsule of the photoreceptor. The other kind, type B glial cells, is associated with the photoreceptor cells and extends countless tiny cytoplasmic extensions which interdigitate with similar extensions of the receptor cells. There are approximately 95 type B glial cells and 130 type A glial cells in the receptor. The cytoplasm of the photoreceptor cells contains countless small Golgi fields, mitochondria, microtubules, multivesicular and multilamellar bodies. The extracellular space of the photoreceptor is less than 0.1% of its total volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215877
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the retinula of the compound eye of Astacus fluviatilis (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 399-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinula ; Astacus fluviatilis ; Basilar membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the eye of Astacus fluviatilis one retinula is made up by eight retinular cells. Its length is approximately 190 μm, its diameter about 40 μm at its distal, and 30 μm at its proximal pole. The nuclear regions of the retinular cells are situated distally and partly surround the end of the crystalline tract. Proximally the retinula is embedded in a tapetal layer of about 50 μm thickness made up by cells which contain gaseous vacuoles. The fused and banded rhabdome is slender and spindle-shaped and extends in the central axis of the retinula from the end of the crystalline tract down to the basilar membrane. The rhabdome consists of microvilli of the seven pigmented main retinular cells and is enveloped by their cell bodies throughout its length. An axon originates from the seven main retinular cells about 50 μm distally of the basilar membrane. It is continuously connected with the rhabdome-forming part of the cell by a thin cytoplasmic sheet. The eighth retinular cell devoid of pigment granules is in connection with the distal end of the rhabdome and sends forth a small axon taking its course with the axons of the other retinular cells. The basilar membrane is a complex system of cells which contact the retinular cells by gap junctions, other cells which synthetize fibrils, a fibrous layer and hemocyanine filled lacunas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307247
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apical region of the crayfish retinula (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacean compound eye ; Eighth retinular cell ; Crystalline tract ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The base of the crystalline tract, the distal part of the eighth retinular cell and its rhabdomer constitute a structural unit in the apical region of the retinula of Astacus fluviatilis and A. leptodactylus, shielded from the blood by a special covering cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213221
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphology of the central fovea in the primate retina (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 184 (1989), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrograph composites of tangential sections of the fovea centralis of three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaco, irus) and one baboon (Papio anubis) were used to determine the spatial density of the principal retinal cells. In the center of the foveola, the density of cones ranged from 113,000 to 230,000/mm2, and pigment epithelial cells from 4,900 to 7,000/mm2. At a distance of 500μm from the foveolar center the density of the cone cell pedicles ranged from 29,000 to 36,300/mm2, and the density of horizontal cells ranged from 19,000 to 25,100/mm2. Densities of bipolar, Muller, and amacrine cells were determined in only two monkeys and in the baboon.The fact that the cone cell pedicles have a larger diameter than the foveolar cones explains the geometry of the fovea. The morphology of the junction between foveolar cone outer segments and the pigment epithelium reflects the complex metabolism of this functional unit. The comparison with the peripheral primate retina suggests that the densities of horizontal and bipolar cells, but not of amacrine and Muller cells, are correlated with the density of cone cell pedicles.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001840306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphology of the primate peripheral retina (Macaca irus) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 179 (1987), S. 198-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By using electron microscopy to study the quantitative morphology of the retina, it was possible to determine the spatial density of all principal retinal cells at a defined retinal location. In two retinas of cynomolgus monkeys at a position of 30° nasal of the fovea centralis, the following cell densities were determined from composite electron micrographs: retinal pigment epithelium: 3,400 cell/mm2; rod cells: 115,000 and 168,000 cells/ mm2; cone cells: 8,200/mm2; horizontal cells: 7,000/mm2; bipolar cells: 50,000/mm2; amacrine cells: 11,500/mm2; Müller cells: 16,000/mm2; and ganglion cells: 5,350 and 6,750/mm2.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001790212
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