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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 23 (1968), S. 819-825 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 26 (1971), S. 451-461 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 26 (1971), S. 445-450 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 25 (1970), S. 69-81 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 167 (1962), S. 302-325 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method has been established to calculate the composition and the line emission of a thermal plasma. The influence of a second component e.g. the vapour of electrodes in a spark discharge can thus be accounted for. Thermal equilibrium was given experimental proof through the cooling curve of a short-time high current condensed discharge. To achieve this, a new spectroscopic method for high temperature measurement has been developed. This even works where oscillator strength is unknown. Moreover, the temperature value measured represents that of the plasma core. Temperature measurement involving different lines of different elements, i.e. of different atomic masses, will furnish similar results. This means evidence for thermal equilibrium existing in spark discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 183 (1965), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a thermal plasma, consisting of one component only, it is possible to calculate an accurate relation between electron pressure and temperature. In the present paper it is tried to give an approximate solution for plasmas composed of several elements under condition that the electron pressure is less than 10% of the atmospheric pressure and that only one element is singly ionized. The results are controlled by measuring the temperature in a copper arc with addition of alcali or earth-alcali elements. Theory and experiment show that the ionization potential divided by the temperature is a constant term in the plasma for certain groups of elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 200 (1967), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Within the temperature region 3,000 °K–50,000 °K and the pressure region 0.1 atm—5 atm thermal excitation functions of several important I, II and III spectral lines of the metals Na, Al, Fe, Zn and C have been calculated by means of a computer. Their optimum temperatures have been tabulated. If these elements are mixed with a second component with an essentially higher ionization energy, such as argon, then the optimum temperatures of atom lines are shifted to lower values. The lowering of the total pressure in the plasma causes the same effect. Moreover a second optimum temperature occurs at approximately 11,000 °K in plasmas of high dilution. This second maximum depends on the starting ionization of argon which decelerates the decrease of the atoms of the metal component. The relationship of the optimum temperature with ionization energy, pressure and concentration can be described by linear equations, according to a previously published approximation formula. The spectral lines of ions are less influenced by these parameters, especially by the second component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 15-20 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phenol ; Voltammetrie ; Reaktion mit DiÄthylphenylendiamin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion zwischen Phenolen und N,N-DiÄthyl-p-benzochinondiimin zu Indoanilinen wurde auf ihre Eignung für analytische Zwecke untersucht. An dieser Reaktion sind, wie bei der natürlichen Entstehung höhermolekularer phenolischer Verbindungen, nucleophile, durch Substituenten aktivierte, sterisch nicht gehinderte Stellen der aromatischen Ringe der Phenole direkt beteiligt. Weiter sind die entstehenden Indoaniline elektrochemisch aktive Farbstoffe, die reversible Redoxreaktionen eingehen. Die voltammetrische Reaktionsführung der Indoanilinbildung vermag die Probleme der direkten anodischen Oxidation bei der Phenolanalyse (nicht kontrollierbare Folgereaktionen, Elektrodenvergiftung) zu umgehen. Die Hydrolyse und Eigenkopplung des Diimins wird durch die Wahl geeigneter pH, Temperatur und Spannungsvorschubgeschwindigkeit — Bedingungen vermieden. Die Methode wird am Beispiel des Phenols illustriert. Die Auswertung erfolgt über den Spitzenstromwert der Indoanilinreduktion. Die Eichkurve für Phenolkonzentrationen zwischen 10−4 und 10−3 Mol/l verlÄuft linear. Der Verlauf der Reaktion bei natürlichen, im Pflanzenmaterial vorkommenden phenolischen Verbindungen wird am Beispiel des Catechins gezeigt.
    Notes: Summary The reaction between phenols and N,N-diethyl-p-benzoquinonediimine was examined for its applicability in analytical chemistry. As in natural formation of higher molecular phenolic compounds, nucleophilic, activated, sterically not hindered positions of the aromatic ring of phenols are directly involved in this reaction. Furthermore, the resulting indoanilines are electrochemically active coloured compounds, which undergo reversible oxidation and reduction. The voltammetric conduction of indoaniline formation does not show the problems involved in direct anodic oxidation of phenols, i.e. uncontrolled follow-up reactions and electrodepoisoning. The hydrolysis of the diimine itself and subsequent colour formation are avoided by proper choice of pH, temperature and voltage sweep-rate. The method is desribed with phenol as an example. For evaluation the peak current of indoaniline reduction is taken. The resulting calibration curve is linear for phenol concentrations between 10−4 and 10−3M. The course of the reaction of N,N-diethyl-p-benzoquinonediimine with naturally occurring phenolic compounds is illustrated with catechol serving as a model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 306-306 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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