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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dexfenfluramine on sleep in healthy subjects (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dexfenfluramine ; Serotonin ; Sleep EEG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute effects of dexfenfluramine on nocturnal sleep were studied in ten healthy male subjects by means of sleep EEG recordings and ratings of subjective sleep quality. Four different dosages (3 mg, 7 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg) were tested, administered over a period of 3 days each. Under 15 mg and 30 mg dexfenfluramine, only slight effects on sleep were observed: 15 mg led to decreased sleep efficiency in the first night of medication, and to reduced percentage of slow wave sleep in the first and third night. A significant lengthening of REM latency was present in the third night under 30 mg dexfenfluramine, without changes in other REM sleep parameters. Daily doses of 3 mg and 7 mg dexfenfluramine did not influence sleep, except for a significant REM latency reduction observed in the first night under 3 mg. Apart from a transient slight impairment under 30 mg, ratings of subjective sleep quality did not mirror any impact of dexfenfluramine. The data suggest that therapeutic dosages of dexfenfluramine only slightly influence nocturnal sleep, which contrasts with the known impact of other anti-obesity agents like the amphetamines. Unlike classical antidepressants, dexfenfluramine does not reduce REM sleep; in light of a hypothetical link between REM sleep reduction and antidepressant action of a drug, dexfenfluramine is not expected to have a pronounced antidepressant effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of neuroendocrine secretion on brain morphology and EEG sleep in patients with eating disorders (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1989), S. 208-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Eating disorder ; Cranial computed tomography ; Cortisol ; Triiodothyronine ; REM sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuroendocrine disturbances [low plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3), high plasma concentrations of cortisol], morphological brain alterations [enlarged external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, dilatation of the ventricles] and altered sleep patterns [fragmented sleep continuity, a reduction of slow wave sleep (SWS) or REM sleep] have been described in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The present study investigates to what degree these disturbances interact with each other. In ten anorexic and five bulimic patients cranial computed tomography (CT) to estimate the size of the CSF spaces, blood sampling to measure cortisol and T3 plasma concentrations, and all-night polysomnography were performed. In comparison with patients with normal CT scans, the patients displaying enlarged CSF spaces spent more time in SWS, and the duration of REM sleep was reduced. In the whole sample, a negative correlation was found between the amount of REM sleep and cortisol, whereas a positive association was found between the amount of REM sleep and the T3 level. In addition, the degree of brain shrinkage correlated positively with cortisol and negatively with T3. On the basis of these results, it can be assumed that in patients with eating disorders the disease process with its neuroendocrine alterations affects brain morphology as well as EEG sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381467
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain morphology and sleep EEG in patients with Huntington's disease (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 240 (1991), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Huntington's disease ; Basal ganglia disorders ; Sleep EEG ; Cerebral atrophy ; Caudate nuclei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 12 patients with Huntington's disease, the relationship between brain morphology, nocturnal sleep EEG, and clinical variables was studied. Global cerebral atrophy did not significantly correlate with sleep parameters, whereas atrophy of the caudate nuclei was associated with reduced slow wave sleep and increased time spent awake. Several clinical parameters (e.g., anergia and thought disturbance scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, illness duration and global clinical assessment) showed significant correlations with global cerebral atrophy. Similar studies in other neuropsychiatric disorders demonstrate associations between sleep alterations and brain morphological changes of different localizations, thus pointing to a complex relationship between both. It can be hypothesized that the caudate nuclei may be involved in sleep regulation; indirect evidence from studies with positron emission tomography (PET) point in the same direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All-night electroencephalographic sleep and cranial computed tomography in depression (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1992), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Major depression ; Unipolar disorder ; Bipolar disorder ; Sleep ; Cranial computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary All-night electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep recording and cranial computed tomography were performed in 24 inpatients with major depression (14 unipolar, 10 bipolar). The patients showed the characteristic “depression-like” EEG sleep alterations and their ventricular brain ratio (VBR) was increased compared with the control subjects. No major differences were found between the unipolar and the bipolar groups. There was a close and positive association between the VBR values and several measures of slow wave sleep. It is hypothesized that this relationship is due to an altered function of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in depression that affects both EEG sleep and brain morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191547
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime and six-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Munich follow-up study (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1992), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Epidemology ; lifetime and 6-month prevalence ; DIS/DSM-III disorders ; Comorbidity ; Age of onset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Lifetime and 6 month DSM-III prevalence rates of mental disorders from an adult general population sample of former West Germany are reported. The most frequent mental disorders (lifetime) from the Munich Follow-up Study were anxiety disorders (13.87%), followed by substance (13.51%) and affective (12.90%) disorders. Within anxiety disorders, simple and social phobia (8.01%) were the most common, followed by agoraphobia (5.47%) and panic disorder (2.39%). Females had about twice the rates of males for affective (18.68% versus 6.42%), anxiety (18.13% versus 9.07%), and somatization disorders (1.60% versus 0.00%); males had about three times the rates of substance disorders (21.23% versus 6.11%) of females. Being widowed and separated/divorced was associated with high rates of major depression. Most disordered subjects had at least two diagnoses (69%). The most frequent comorbidity pattern was anxietyand affective disorders. Simple and social phobia began mostly in childhood or early adolescence, whereas agoraphobia and panic disorder had a later average age of onset. The majority of the cases with both anxiety and depression had depression clearly after the occurrence of anxiety. The DIS-DSM-III findings of our study have been compared with both ICD-9 diagnoses assigned by clinicians independently as well as other epidemiological studies conducted with a comparable methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190261
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