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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists and antagonists on the spinal cord network underlying locomotion in the lamprey has been analysed. The specific group I mGluR agonist (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) and the broad-spectrum mGluR agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) both increased the burst frequency of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced fictive locomotion and depolarized grey matter neurons. The burst frequency increase induced by the mGluR agonists was counteracted by the mGluR antagonists (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine((+)-MCPG), cyclopropan[b]chromen-1a-carboxylic acid ethylester (CPCCOEt) and (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA). Application of CPCCOEt alone reduced the locomotor burst frequency, indicating that mGluRs are endogenously activated during fictive locomotion. The mGluR antagonist CPCCOEt had no effect on NMDA-, or (S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-induced depolarizations. The mGluR agonists 1S,3R-ACPD and DHPG increased the amplitude of NMDA-induced depolarizations, a mechanism which could account for the increase in burst frequency. The group III mGluR agonist L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid reduced intraspinal synaptic transmission and burst frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose induces an increase in bronchial hyper-responsiveness, without any associated symptom. The concomitant events in the bronchus have not been described.Objective We have studied the dynamic number of mast cells in the airways of patients with mild asthma before and after repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose and the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), which is reported to promote growth and survival of mast cells.Methods Twelve patients with mild asthma to cat allergen were enrolled at random in a blind placebo-controlled study, and submitted to repeated low-dose allergen exposure (1/5 of the provocative dose). Mast cells were immunolocalized using an antibody against mast cell tryptase. NGF and its high affinity receptor, TrkA, were immunolocalized using anti-NGF and anti-TrkA antibodies, respectively. NGF mRNA was quantified by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription of total RNA extracted from bronchial biopsy. NGF protein levels were measured by ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Results Bronchial mast cell number was increased significantly after allergen exposure as compared with before. NGF expression in the bronchus was immunolocalized mainly to epithelial cells, but also to fibroblasts, blood vessels, and a few infiltrated cells. NGF mRNA levels in bronchial biopsies were increased significantly after allergen exposure. The high affinity receptor for NGF, TrkA, was immunolocalized to the infiltrated mast cell membrane.Conclusion Our study shows that the increase in the number of mast cells and in the expression of NGF induced by allergen exposure in the bronchus of asthmatic patients is occurring before the onset of symptoms. In addition, our finding of the presence of the TrkA receptor on the membrane of the infiltrated mast cell in situ brings evidence of the mast cell as a target cell for the growth factor activity of NGF in the airways in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. 55 (1960) 361 
    ISSN: 0030-5383
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences , History
    Notes: Besprechungen
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 6 (1978), S. 50-53 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neugeborene mit “früh ausbrechender” Erkrankung durch betahämolytische Streptokokken der Gruppe B wurden über einen Zeitraum von 40 Monaten untersucht. Die klinischen Bilder umfaßten asymptomatische Bakteriämie, leichte passagere Erkrankung, Atemnot-Syndrom, Meningitis und dramatische Sepsis. Chronologisch waren 18 Neugeborene zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt krank, 10 erkrankten nach einem symptomfreien Zeitabschnitt und vier waren asymptomatisch. In 66% der Fälle lag das Körpergewicht unter 2500 Gramm und bei 56% der Neugeborenen war der Blasensprung vor mehr als 20 Stunden erfolgt. Alle 15 Todesfälle traten bei Kindern mit geringem Geburtsgewicht auf, deren Zustand von Geburt an kritisch war. Eine Überprüfung von 128 aufeinanderfolgenden Geburten mit einem Körpergewicht von weniger als 2000 Gramm ergab 28 Fälle von vorzeitigem Blasensprung und drei dieser 28 Neugeborenen entwickelten eine Infektion durch Streptokokken der Gruppe B. Für das Kind der bakteriell besiedelten Schwangeren im Stadium der Frühgeburt oder mit vorzeitigem Blasensprung besteht eindeutiges Risiko, und diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Behandlung der “früh ausbrechenden” Erkrankung vor der Entbindung eingeleitet werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary Newborn infants with “early-onset” disease due to group B beta hemolytic streptococcus were studied over a 40-month period. Clinical presentations included asymptomatic bacteremia, mild transient illness, respiratory distress, meningitis, and overwhelming sepsis. Chronologically, 18 were ill at birth; 10 became ill after a symptom-free period; and four were asymptomatic. Sixty-six percent of the cases weighed less than 2500 grams, and 56% were born to mothers whose amniotic membranes were ruptured for over 20 hours. All 15 of the deaths occurred in low birth weight infants who were critically ill from birth. A review of 128 consecutive deliveries of infants weighing under 2000 grams revealed 28 cases with prolonged ruptured membranes, and three of these 28 infants developed group B streptococcal infection. The infant of the colonized gravid woman in premature labor or with prolonged ruptured membranes is clearly at risk, and these results suggest that the management of “early-onset” disease should begin prior to delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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