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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 108-116 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 64-66 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Alternating members of the Cretaceous Mancos (shale) and Dakota (sandstone) formations were drilled and sampled adjacent to Cerro Negro, a volcanic neck in central New Mexico near the village of Seboyeta. Core samples were collected into lexan liners using aqueous and particulate tracers for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 91 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The DNA coding for the eight structural genes and unc I of the sodium dependent ATPase of Propionigenium modestum has been cloned and sequenced. Based on sequence homology, the genes were determined to appear in the order uncBEFHAGDC as in several other bacterial species. Minicell experiments revealed that plasmids containing the P. modestum DNA expressed those ATPase polypeptides in Escherichia coli. These were very similar in molecular mass to those obtained from the purified ATPase of P. modestum. No membrane-bound ATPase activity was observed in E. coli unc deletion strains containing the P. modestum ATPase genes. Amino acid alignments which were done with the Fo subunits revealed only a few conservative changes in the highly conserved regions of the polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 18 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Methane production and consumption activities were examined in a Massachusetts peatland. Peat from depths of 5–35 cm incubated under anaerobic conditions, produced an average of 2 nmol CH4 g−1 h−1 with highest rates for peat fractions between 25–30 cm depth. Extracted microbial nucleic acids showed the strongest relative hybridization with a 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe specific for Archaea with samples from the 25–30 cm depth. In aerobic laboratory incubations, the peat consumed methane with a maximum velocity of 67 nmol CH4 g−1 h−1 and a Ks of 1.6 μM. Methane consumption activity was concentrated 4–9 cm below the peat surface, which corresponds to the aerobic, partially decomposed region in this peatland. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis of peat fractions demonstrated an abundance of methanotrophic bacteria within the region of methane consumption activity. Increases in temperature up to 30°C produced an increase in methane consumption rates for shallow samples, but not for samples taken from depths greater than 9 cm. Nitrogen fixation experiments were carried out using 15N2 uptake in order to avoid problems associated with inhibition of methanotrophy. These experiments demonstrated that methane in peat samples did not stimulate nitrogen fixation activity, nor could activity be correlated with the presence of methanotrophic bacteria in peat fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 750-750 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Arsenic is a legendary poison, renowned in its effectiveness against heroines, gentlemen, rats and wood rot. Arsenic is lethal to microorganisms, yet certain bacteria and phytoplankton are known to survive arsenic exposure and transform arsenic species through oxidation1, reduction2 and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 8-14 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic gallate degrader ; Quercetin ; Rumen ; Butyrate production ; H2:CO2 ; Crotonate ; Eubacterium oxidoreducens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on most probable number (MPN) estimates of rumen fluid from a hay-fed steer, 10 mM gallate was decarboxylated by 9.3×106 bacteria per ml. It was decarboxylated and reductively dehydroxylated by 9.3×105 bacteria per ml and was further catabolized to non-aromatic products by 4.3×103 bacteria per ml. Resorcinol was not further degraded and, with 0.1 ml of inoculum, catechol was not degraded. Strain G41 was isolated from a pyrogallolmedium roll tube inoculated with 1 μl of rumen fluid and, with slight modifications of the generic description, was named Eubacterium oxidoreducens sp. nov. It was an anaerobic, nonmotile, curved, Gram-positive, small rod with rounded ends and required H2 or formate to degrade gallate, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol or quercetin to acetate and butyrate and, in the case of quercetin, to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. Crotonate was catabolized to acetate and butyrate and no electron donor was required. No other compounds were degraded with or without an electron donor or with Desulfovibrio sp. plus sulfate as a possible electron acceptor system. E. oxidoreducens grew well in a chemically-defined culture medium containing usable energy source, minerals, B-vitamins, cysteine and CO2−HCO - 3 -buffer, pH 7.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 8 (2000), S. 4-10 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words microbes ; subsurface microbiology ; biological processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La diversité des populations et des communautés microbiennes dans le sol et le sous-sol est présentée dans cet article. Les chercheurs s'interrogent fréquemment sur la diversité microbienne du sous-sol, sur les interactions entre organismes et sur les mécanismes qui permettent le maintien des communautés microbiennes souterraines. Il existe des communautés microbiennes anérobies hétérotrophes dans des grès ou dans des sédiments sableux relativement perméables, à proximité de dépôts riches en matières organiques. Ces micro-organismes semblent se maintenir grâce à la consommation de composés organiques provenant des dépôts organiques voisins. Les sources de matériel organique jouant le rôle de donneur d'électrons sont constituées par des sédiments éocènes riches en lignite situés sous la plaine littorale du Texas, les schistes riches en matières organiques du Crétacé du sud-ouest des États-Unis, ainsi que les argiles contenant des matériaux organiques et des bactéries de fermentation de la plaine littorale atlantique. En outre, il existe des communautés fortement diversifiées dans des régions où aucune source de matière organique n'existe, mais où sont présentes des roches ignées. Le sous-sol riche en basalte de la vallée de la Columbia au Canada et les régions granitiques de Suède en sont des exemples. Ces communautés microbiennes souterraines semblent se maintenir par l'action de bactéries lithotrophes se développant grâce à l'hydrogène qui est produit par réactions chimiques dans le sous-sol. Il existe d'autres communautés microbiennes de profondeur dans les sédiments profonds des océans. Ces systèmes sont souvent associés à un métabolisme anérobie et à une réduction des sulfates. La colonisation microbienne s'étend jusqu'à des profondeurs où les températures élevées limitent leur capacité de survie. Les sources d'énergie pour ces organismes vivant dans les fonds des océans peuvent être les dépôts sédimentaires océaniques. Dans cette revue, chacune des communautés microbiennes est discutée en détail en se référant spécifiquement à leurs sources d'énergie, au schéma observé de leur développement et à leur composition diversifiée. Cette information est donnée de façon critique dans le but d'améliorer la compréhension des processus géochimiques intervenant dans le sous-sol et de développer de nouvelles approches pour la dépollution souterraine.
    Abstract: Resumen En este artículo se resume la diversidad de las poblaciones y comunidades microbianas en el subsuelo. A partir de exploraciones realizadas en el subsuelo, los científicos se están cuestionando en la actualidad aspectos relativos a la diversidad microbiana, las interacciones entre los distintos microorganismos y los mecanismos para el mantenimiento de las comunidades de microbios. Se ha comprobado la presencia de comunidades microbianas anaerobias y heterótrofas en areniscas relativamente permeables y en sedimentos arenosos ubicados cerca de depósitos ricos en materia orgánica, de la cual se alimentan. Algunas fuentes de material orgánico, que actúan como donantes de electrones, son: sedimentos del Eoceno ricos en lignito, bajo la planicie costera de Texas; pizarras del Cretácico ricas en materia orgánica, al sudoeste del país; y arcillas cretácicas con materia orgánica y bacterias fermentativas, en la llanura Atlántica. También existen comunidades microbianas de gran diversidad en rocas ígneas, aunque la fuente de materia orgánica no es tan evidente. Algunos ejemplos son la subsuperficie del valle del Río Columbia, rico en basaltos, y las regiones graníticas de Suecia y Canadá. Estas comunidades microbianas subsuperficiales se mantienen por la acción de bacterias litotrópicas, que crecen en ambiente de H2, generado en la subsuperficie. También existen comunidades microbianas a gran profundidad, como por ejemplo en los sedimentos oceánicos. Estos sistemas subsisten con un metabolismo anaerobio en un ambiente sulfato-reductor. La colonización microbiana se extiende hasta profundidades tales que las altas temperaturas limitan su supervivencia. Las fuentes de energía para estos organismos pueden ser los depósitos sedimentarios oceánicos. En este artículo se discute cada una de estas comunidades en detalle, en particular sus fuentes de energía, su esquema de crecimiento y la diversidad de su composición. Esta información es de gran interés para permitir un mayor entendimiento de los procesos geoquímicos en profundidad y para desarrollar nuevos métodos de rehabilitación.
    Notes: Abstract  The diversity of microbial populations and microbial communities within the earth's subsurface is summarized in this review. Scientists are currently exploring the subsurface and addressing questions of microbial diversity, the interactions among microorganisms, and mechanisms for maintenance of subsurface microbial communities. Heterotrophic anaerobic microbial communities exist in relatively permeable sandstone or sandy sediments, located adjacent to organic-rich deposits. These microorganisms appear to be maintained by the consumption of organic compounds derived from adjacent deposits. Sources of organic material serving as electron donors include lignite-rich Eocene sediments beneath the Texas coastal plain, organic-rich Cretaceous shales from the southwestern US, as well as Cretaceous clays containing organic materials and fermentative bacteria from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Additionally, highly diverse microbial communities occur in regions where a source of organic matter is not apparent but where igneous rock is present. Examples include the basalt-rich subsurface of the Columbia River valley and the granitic subsurface regions of Sweden and Canada. These subsurface microbial communities appear to be maintained by the action of lithotrophic bacteria growing on H2 that is chemically generated within the subsurface. Other deep-dwelling microbial communities exist within the deep sediments of oceans. These systems often rely on anaerobic metabolism and sulfate reduction. Microbial colonization extends to the depths below which high temperatures limit the ability of microbes to survive. Energy sources for the organisms living in the oceanic subsurface may originate as oceanic sedimentary deposits. In this review, each of these microbial communities is discussed in detail with specific reference to their energy sources, their observed growth patterns, and their diverse composition. This information is critical to develop further understanding of subsurface geochemical processes and to develop new approaches to subsurface remediation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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