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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1025-1026 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird wahrscheinlich gemacht, dass die Denaturierung des Keratins durch Sulfitausscheidung und Sulfitolyse des Cystins eine wichtige Rolle beim Keratinabbau durch Pilze spielt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 122 (1993), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Fusarium solani ; Opportunistic invader ; Snake eggs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A typical strain ofFusarium solani invaded the fertile eggs of the snakeElaphe guttata L. causing malnutrition in the ophidian embryo. Experimental invasion by the mould was successful only in newly laid snake eggs. The isolate displayed strong proteolytic and lipolytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The F1 and F2 ascospores from crossing between virulent cultures (f.incurvata × f.incurvata; f.incurvata × f.lanogypsea) ofMicrosporon gypseum (Bodin)Guiart etGrigoraki (Status perf.Nannizzia incurvata Stockdale) were treated by UV radiation (51.2 mW/cm2, LD 99). Twenty-six morphological mutants were isolated. The persistence of morphological changes was proved by twenty transfers (interval of transfer: three or four weeks). According to the characteristic features of the colony the mutants were classified in three groups: fluffy cultures, grainy cultures and interchanging cultures. The authors described the morphology of mutants, their growth rate on agar medium, compatibility, pathogenicity, sensitivity to griseofulvin, growth of mutants on hair and the manner of hair destruction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung F1 und F2 Askosporen aus einer Kreuzung (f.incurvata × f.incurvata; f.incurvata × f.lanogypsea) virulenter Kulturen des DermatophytenMicrosporon gypseum (Bodin)Guiart etGrigoraki (Status perf.Nannizzia incurvata Stockdale) wurden bei LD 99 mit UV — Licht bestrahlt (51,2 mW/cm2). Durch Selektion wurden 26 morphogenetische Mutanten gewonnen. Die Beständigkeit der Mutationen wurde durch Kultivierung der Mutanten in 20 Passagen in vitro bei einem Überimpfungsinterwall von 3–4 Wochen überprüft. Nach der Makromorphologie der Kolonien wurden die Mutanten in eine Gruppe der flaumigen Kulturen, in eine Gruppe der körnigen Kulturen und in eine Gruppe der Übergangskulturen geteilt. Es wird die Morphologie der Mutanten beschrieben, ihre Wachstumsschnelligkeit auf dem Agarboden, die Kompatibilität und Virulenz, die Griseofulvinempfindlichkeit, das Wachstum der Mutanten auf dem Haar und die Weise seines Zerfalls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The ascospores from crossing of two virulent cultures ofMicrosporon gypseum (Bodin)Guiart &Grigoraki (St. perf.Nannizzia incurvata Stockd.) were treated by the UV radiation (LD 99). By repeated selection 17 colour mutants and mutants with decreased growth were isolated. These mutants were constant during twenty transfers on agar medium. Their morphology, growth rate on Sabouraud's medium, compatibility, virulence, sensitivity to griseofulvin in vitro, growth on hair in vitro and perforation activity on hair is described in the present report. Keratinolytic activity was preserved in all mutants. The other features observed were markedly and constantly changed (aberrant production of chlamydospores, loss of ability to produce macroconidia, loss of virulence, increase in sensitivity to griseofulvin, loss of compatibility, increased or decreased growth rate). Some cultures by their faviform character, by pigmentation and micromorphology imitate cultures of other dermatophytes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ascosporen aus einer Kreuzung virulenter Kulturen vonMicrosporon gypseum (Bodin)Guiart &Grigoraki (Status perfectusNannizzia incurvata Stockdale) wurden bei LD 99 mit UV-Licht bestrahlt. Durch wiederholte Selektion wurden 17 Farbmutanten und Mutanten mit reduziertem Wachstum gewonnen. Die veränderten Kulturen waren auch in der 20. Passage auf Agarnährboden beständig. Es wird ihre Morphologie, Wachstumsschnelligkeit auf Glukoseagar nachSabouraud, sexuelle Kompatibilität, Virulenz, Griseofulvinempfindlichkeit in vitro, Wachstum und Perforationsaktivität auf Menschenhaaren in vitro beschrieben. Bei allen Kulturen blieb die keratinolytische Aktivität erhalten. Andere verfolgte Merkmale der Kulturen waren auffällig und ständig verändert (abnormal erhöhte Chlamydosporenbildung, Verlust der Makrokonidienbildung und Virulenz, erhöhte Griseofulvinempfindlichkeit, Verlust der sexuellen Kompatibilität, Verminderung oder Vergrößerung der Wachstumsschnelligkeit). Einige Kulturen imitierten durch ihren faviformen Charakter, durch die Pigmentation und Mikromorphologie die Kulturen anderer Dermatophytenarten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Une étude prospective en cours depuis 10 ans en Allemagne examine le recours au planning familial naturel (PFN). Les méthodes naturelles étant liées au comportement, les taux d'efficacité, d'acceptabilité et de poursuite sont très influencés par les régularités observées dans les types de comportement sexuel. Nous avons donc procédé à une analyse du comportement sexuel chez les sujets qui ont recours au PFN, et aussi parce que, par le passé, ces méthodes étaient souvent interdites ou idéalisées. Dans notre base de données portant sur 1.211 sujets et 21.591 cycles, nous avons pu identifier un groupe de 300 femmes, toutes débutantes du PFN, correspondant à 5.900 cycles de contraception. Celles-ci ont fourni des renseignements fiables sur leur activité sexuelle concernant au moins 12 cycles. Différents groupes ont fait l'objet d'analyses de variance et de modèles de régression en vue de cerner des différences significatives dans leur comportement sexuel par rapport aux conditions socio-démographiques et à la durée d'utilisation. Près de la moitié des femmes associent systématiquement l'élément ‘connaissance de la période de fécondite’ de la méthode de PFN à d'autres méthodes de planning familial. Elles ont recours à des barrières pendant plus de 60% de leurs cycles. Quant à l'autre moitié, elles n'utilisent jamais d'autres barrières, ou pendant 7% de leurs cycles seulement. Avec le temps, ces dernières utilisent de moins en moins les barrières, alors que les femmes du premier groupe associent constamment les avantages de deux méthodes de planning familial En ce qui concerne la fréquence des rapports sexuels, ces dernières sont les plus actives et présentent des caractéristiques socio-économiques bien distinctes. Il a été possible de confirmer l'existence de trois groupes ayant recours au PFN, de manières très différentes les unes des autres. Malgré ces différences, les faibles pourcentages de grossesses montrent que les membres de ce groupe sont conscients des risques liés au comportement sexuel.
    Abstract: Resumen Desde hace 10 años se realiza en Alemania un estudio prospectivo con el objeto de examinar el uso de la planificación familiar natural (PFN). Dado que los métodos naturales son métodos de conducta, las tasas de eficacia-uso, aceptabilidad y continuación se ven muy influidas por las modalidades de la conducta sexual. En consecuencia, efectuamos un análisis de la conducta sexual entre usuarias de PFN, asimismo porque frecuentemente era un tema tabú o había sido idealizado. Con nuestra base de datos de 1.211 clientas y 21.591 ciclos, pudimos identificar un grupo de 300 mujeres, todas recién iniciadas en la práctica de la PFN, con 5.900 ciclos anticonceptivos, que contribuyeron al menos 12 ciclos con un registro fiable de su actividad sexual. Se analizaron diferentes grupos con métodos de análisis de modelos de varianza y regresión a fin de determinar diferencias significativas en su conducta sexual con respecto a la estructura sociodemográfica y tiempo de uso. Casi la mitad de todas las mujeres combinan sistemáticamente el elemento de percepción de la fertilidad de la PFM con otros métodos de planificación familiar. Utilizan métodos de barrera en más del 60% de sus ciclos. La mitad restante de las mujeres no usan barreras adicionales o lo hacen sólo en aproximadamente el 7% de sus ciclos. Estas últimas señalan una clara reducción en el uso de métodos de barrera en el curso del tiempo, mientras que las usuarias frecuentes de estos métodos combinan constantemente las ventajas de los dos métodos de planificación familiar. Con respecto a la frecuencia de las relaciones sexuales, son las más activas sexualmente y señalan características socioeconómicas distintivas. Pudimos confirmar la existencia de tres grupos de usuarias de PFN, que difieren significativamente en su uso de la PFN como método de planificación familiar. A pesar de estas diferencias, las bajas tasas de embarazo indican la conducta sexual consciente y relacionada con el riesgo observada en los miembros de los grupos.
    Notes: Abstract For 10 years, a prospective study has been taking place in Germany to examine the use of natural family planning (NFP). As natural methods are behavioral methods, use-effectiveness, acceptability and continuation rates are very much influenced by patterns of sexual behavior. Therefore we performed an analysis of the sexual behavior of NFP users. Out of the data base of 1211 clients and 21 591 cycles we could identify a group of 300 women, all NFP beginners, with 5900 contraceptive cycles, who contributed at least 12 cycles with reliable recording of their sexual activity. Different groups were analyzed with methods of analysis of variance and regression models to find out significant differences in their sexual behavior with respect to sociodemographic structure and time of use. Nearly half of all the women systematically combine the fertility awareness, part of NFP with other family planning methods. They use barriers in more than 60% of their cycles. The other half never or only in about 7% of their cycles use additional barrier methods. The latter show a clear decrease in barrier use in the course of time, whereas the frequent barrier users constantly combine the advantages of two family planning methods. Regarding the frequency of intercourse they are the sexually more active ones and show distinct sociodemographic characteristics. We could confirm the existence of three groups of NFP users, which differ significantly in their use of NFP as a family planning method. Despite these differences the low pregnancy rates indicate the conscious and risk-related sexual behavior of the group members.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A large prospective long-term study with users of natural family planning (NFP) methods has been conducted to analyze the relation between unintended pregnancy rates and sexual behavior with special reference to barrier method use in the fertile phase. Seven hundred and fifty eight NFP beginners, 19-45 years of age, 14 870 cycles, 28 unintended pregnancies were studied. Of the couples, 54.2% use NFP only or predominantly and 45.9% use mixed methods (additional barrier method use in the fertile phase in 55.7% of the cycles). The overall pregnancy rate after 12 cycles of exposure is 2.2% according to the actuarial method. There is no significant difference between NFP users and mixed methods users and also no significant effect of duration of use in the first 5 years of exposure. During "perfect use" the pregnancy rate at 12 months is 0.63%. When only protected intercourse takes place in the fertile phase the pregnancy rate is 0.45%. The symptothermal method of NFP is most unforgiving for imperfect use (unprotected intercourse in the fertile phase). However, it is extremely effective when either abstinence or protected intercourse is used in the fertile phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 31 (1967), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. From the morphologically normal strain ofMicrosporon gypseum eight groups of mutants were selected: 1. strains with production of macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores, 2. strains with macroconidia and microconidia, 3. strains with macroconidia and chlamydospores, 4. strains with microconidia and chlamydospores, 5. strains with macroconidia only, 6. strains with microconidia only, 7. strains with chlamydospores only, 8. mycelial strains without production of spores. 2. All the strains of the eight group were keratinolytically active in vitro and sensitive to griseofulvin. Quantitative differences, in the features evaluated, were only found. Some mutants were more than 10 times more sensitive to griseofulvine in comparison with the wild strains. 3. Avirulent strains were isolated from the virulent wild strainM. gypseum. 4. The strains producing only chlamydospores and mycelial strains without sporulation were avirulent in all cases. The greater part of conidia producing strains remained virulent. 5. No relationship between the degree of keratinolytic activity in vitro and virulence in vivo was found. The virulence itself cannot be determined only by an increase in keratinolytic activity in vitro.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Aus morphologisch normaler Kultur vonMicrosporon gypseum wurden die UV-Mutanten folgender acht Kategorien selektiert: 1. Kulturen, die Makrokonidien, Mikrokonidien und Chlamydosporen bilden, 2. Kulturen mit Makrokonidien und Mikrokonidien, 3. Kulturen mit Makrokonidien und Chlamydosporen, 4. Kulturen mit Makrokonidien und Chlamydosporen, 5. Kulturen nur mit Makrokonidien, 6. Kulturen nur mit Mikrokonidien, 7. Kulturen nur mit Chlamydosporen, 8. Kulturen vollständig ohne Sporen. 2. Alle Kulturen dieser Mutantenkategorien zeigten in vitro die keratinolytische Aktivität und die Griseofulvinempfindlichkeit. Bei den Mutanten wurden nur quantitative Unterschiede in diesen Eigenschaften beobachtet. Manche mutierten Kulturen waren mehr als zehnmal griseofulvinsensitiver als die Ausgangskulturen. 3. Aus den virulenten Kulturen vonM. gypseum wurden avirulente Kulturen isoliert. 4. Die Kulturen, welche nur Chlamydosporen bildeten und solche, die überhaupt keine Sporenbildung aufwiesen, waren in allen Fällen avirulent. Die konidienbildenden (Makrokonidien, Mikrokonidien) mutierten Kulturen waren in den meisten Fällen virulent. 5. Es wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der keratinolytischen Fähigkeit in vitro und der Virulenz der Kultur in vivo gefunden. Die in vitro erhöhte keratinolytische Aktivität des DermatophytenM. gypseum determiniert selbst nicht seine Virulenz.
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