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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of anti-Aspergillus activity of antifungal agents based on the dynamic growth rate of a single hypha (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic growth rate of a single hypha of Aspergillus niger was analysed using an automatic system. A colony of A. niger was in contact with saline, saline containing an antifungal agent, and flushing saline, in sequence. The growth rate of a test hypha selected arbitrarily from the colony responded dynamically to the antifungal agent. The minimum concentration that caused the complete inhibition of hyphal growth was defined as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values obtained were compared with those determined by conventional methods based on increasing rate of colony diameter or dry matter weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192093
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of Aspergillus niger to short-term salt strees (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 394-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adaptation of filamentous fungi to short-term salt stress has been analysed by a continuous measurement system. Spores of Aspergillus niger were immobilized on the polylysine-coated glass bottom of a culture vessel, which enabled the exchange of a medium containing salt (NaCl) without disturbing continuous observation. Repeated contacts with 0.75% NaCl produced hypha insensitive to this concentration of NaCl. When the NaCl concentration was increased stepwise, the tolerated concentration increased up to 1.25%. The acquisition of such a tolerance to 0.75% NaCl required about 10 min prior contact with 0.5% NaCl. Based on these results, the adaptation mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170399
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic evaluation of antifungal volatile compounds on the basis of the dynamic growth process of a single hypha (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 790-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An automatic analysing system was developed and employed for the evaluation of antifungal activity of volatile compounds in the gas phase. Aspergillus niger was inoculated on agar medium in the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was incubated at 28° C for 24 h and then a volatile compound was introduced into the vessel either in a batch or flow manner. The antifungal activity of the respective compounds estimated in situ was expressed by the dynamic response parameters of a single hypha. All volatiles tested in the present system inhibited hyphal growth, except linalyl acetate: Limone and geraniol were the most inhibitory. In contrast, linalyl acetate promoted hyphal growth. By definition of the parameters, the fungicidal and fungistatic effects could be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167146
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic antifungal activity analyzing system on the basis of dynamic growth process of a single hypha (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 118 (1992), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Antifungal activity ; automatic analyzer ; dynamic growth process ; single hypha
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A system for the evaluation of antifungal activity of volatile compounds has been developed that is based on dynamic growth of a single hypha. The newly developed system is composed of a reaction vessel under a microscope, automatic stage, charge coupled device (CCD) camera, TV monitor, video tape recorder (VTR), and a microcomputer. A fungus was inoculated in the reaction vessel containing agar medium and then was treated with an antifungal reagent in the gas phase either in batch or flow reaction manner. The apex of a growing hypha displayed on a TV monitor was followed automatically. From the ratio of the growth rate under exposure of a reagent (UEXPO) to the growth rate before the exposure (UPRE), the antifungal activity was expressed quantitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442533
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the fungal flora in the lung of human necropsy cases. A critical survey in connection with the pathogenesis of opportunistic fungus infections (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 3-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ecological study was carried out on the fungal flora in the human lung of 159 autopsy cases. Fungi were isolated from 129 cases (81.1%). Filamentous fungi consisting of 918 strains were isolated from 113 cases, and the dominant genera were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Yeasts were isolated from 58 cases, and the dominant genus appeared to be Candida. With morbid anatomical study, the incidence of the fungus isolation was examined from various points of view. It was concluded that even a healthy respiratory parenchyma of the human lung cannot be assumed as aseptic. However, only a few numbers of a few genera of air-born fungi were isolated. Special stress was laid on the exposure of the respiratory parenchyma of the human lung to air-born fungi in connection with the pathogenesis of opportunistic fungus infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of antifungal activity of antimycotics by automatic analyzing system (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 118 (1992), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Antifungal activity ; antimycotics ; automatic analyzer ; dynamic growth process ; single hypha ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; morphological changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antifungal activity of several antimycotics has been evaluated using an automatic analyzing system (AAS), which is composed of a specially designed reaction vessel, microscopic observation system, image analyzing system, and computer program for automatic tracing of hypha growth. The agar plate was prepared on the ceiling of the reaction vessel, and spore mass of a fungus (Aspergillus niger) was inoculated onto it. After the preincubation at 28 °C for 24 h the reaction vessel was set on a microscope stage and connected to the liquid flow system. An appropriate hypha was selected for the measurement of growth process during the following steps: first contact with saline for 30 min for the adaptation, the second contact with same saline for 30 min, contact with saline containing an antimycotic substance for 60 min, and contact with flushing saline for 60 min. During a sequence of these steps, the apical tip of a growing hypha displayed on a TV monitor was followed automatically. The dynamic response of hypha to an agent was analyzed by several parameters. Morphological changes of the hypha caused by respective agents were recorded on VTR for further analysis. By using this system, the antifungal activity of antimycotics could be quantitatively determined within several hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442534
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules inAspergillus niger protoplasts (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 122 (1993), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Antimycotics ; Biosynthesis of macromolecules ; Protoplasts ; Radioactive precursors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nine antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules were analyzed using the regenerating system of protoplats ofAspergillus niger. The incorporation of several specific radioactive precursors into major cellular components were measured in the presence or in the absence of respective agents. Miconazole, ketoconazole, and tolnaftate inhibited the lipid synthesis. 5-Fluorocytosine strongly inhibited the DNA and protein syntheses. Griseofulvin, however, specifically inhibited the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, i.e. chitin and glucan. Other agents showed non-specific inhibition effects. The significance of morphological change of hypha as an indicator of antimycotic action and its feasibility as a screening tool for novel antimycotic compounds are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103473
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal contamination and mycotoxin-producing potential of dried beans (1981)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 73 (1981), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 604 samples of about 7 different types of beans was examined to determine their mycological profiles, and suitability for use as solid substrates for mycotoxin production. All of the samples were collected from bean jam makers in Tokyo by the official food examiners. Genera Penicillium and Aspergillus were predominant, and genus Wallemia was also found commonly in all types of beans. Mycotoxin-producing Aspergillus strains were isolated from 52 samples of beans, approximately 9% of the total. The highest incidence of toxigenic Aspergillus (14.1%) was found in kidney beans. Red beans and peas inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus were found to produce about 7 to 8 times more toxin than was obtained in a liquid medium, and red beans inoculated with A. versicolor produced more toxin than was obtained in yeast extract sucrose broth. Green peas inoculated with Fusarium graminearum produced about 8 times more T-2 toxin than was obtained in 1% peptone containing Czapek solution under comparable culture conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatophytosis of tiger caused by microsporum canis (1981)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 73 (1981), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microsporum canis was isolated from the inflammatory skin lesions of a Bengal tiger in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haúnch and the tail. The skin lesions were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the skin lesions. The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from tiger andNannizzia otae(−) strain, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic iodide and undecylenic acid ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of tiger caused byM. canis is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562599
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic observation of human hairs infected with Microsporum ferrugineum (1983)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 81 (1983), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human hairs infected with Microsporum ferrugineum were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy to obtain information on the parasitic form. The fungus invaded the hair filaments and developed hyphae between the hair cuticles and cortex. Spheroids of arthroconidia were frequently observed to invade the hair follicle. A mosaic sheath of massive spheroids was observed around the hair filaments. The smooth-walled arthroconidia with chitinous surfaces were single, spherical or subspherical particles of 2.0–2.5×2.5–3.5 μm, and 2-celled, gourd-shaped (constricted at the septum) particles of 2.5–3.0× 5.0–7.0 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436817
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