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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of etoposide into human malignant brain tumors after intravenous and oral administration (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 29 (1992), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Penetration of etoposide into the cerebrospinal fluid, brain tumor, and brain tissue after intravenous administration was investigated in patients presenting with malignant brain tumors. A relatively low dose (55–65 mg/m2) was used to compare intravenous with oral administration. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used to evaluate drug levels. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of etoposide after oral administration (50–150 mg/day) were also studied so as to determine the adequate oral dose for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. The peak plasma concentration after intravenous administration ranged from 7.01 to 10.47 μg/ml, varying in proportion to the injected dose, whereas that after oral administration was lower, namely, 1.44–4.99 μg/ml, and was unstable when the oral dose was 150 mg daily. The peak cerebrospinal fluid level following either intravenous or oral administration was much lower than the plasma concentration and was influenced by the peak plasma level and the sampling site. The etoposide concentration in cerebrospinal fluid taken from the subarachnoid space and ventricle of patients displaying no tumor invasion and of those presenting with meningeal carcinomatosis and in cerebrospinal fluid taken from the dead space after tumor resection was 0.7%±0.5%, 3.4%±1.0%, and 7.2% ± 8.5%, respectively, of the plasma concentration. Serial oral administration did not result in the accumulation of etoposide in cerebrospinal fluid. The tumor concentration (1.04–4.80 μg/g) was 14.0%±2.9% of the plasma level after intravenous administration, was related to the injected dose, and was approximately twice the concentration detected in the brain tissue. Therefore, a relatively low dose of etoposide injected intravenously penetrates the brain tumor at an efficacious concentration. Our results indicate than an oral dose of 100 mg etoposide be given for malignant brain tumors, as limited penetration of the drug into the intracranial region was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cavernous sinus meningioma presenting as orbital apex syndrome. Diagnostic methods of dynamic MRI, spoiled GRASS (SPGR) image (1995)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 18 (1995), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Cavernous sinus tumor ; dynamic MRI ; meningioma ; MRI ; spoiled GRASS (SPGR) image
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orbital apex syndrome is a symptomatologic complex. In this paper, the usefulness of several clinical diagnostic MR methods in preparing for surgery is discussed. These include dynamic MRI and the spoiled GRASS (SPGR) image for a cavernous sinus meningioma presenting with orbital apex syndrome. A 53 year old man, who had right cavernous sinus tumor presenting with orbital apex syndrome, was examined by several new MRI techniques. The tumor was partially removed and fibroblastic meningioma was confirmed pathologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383881
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissecting aneurysm of basilar artery presenting with recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage (1999)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 22 (1999), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Dissecting aneurysm ; Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; Basilar artery ; Endovascular treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous basilar dissecting aneurysms secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage are rare, usually presenting with ischemia rather than a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A 63-year-old man who had SAH repeatedly from a ruptured basilar dissecting aneurysm was treated with endovascular occlusion of the unilateral vertebral artery. Postoperative angiograms 1 month after the procedure showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm. The clinical follow-up at 20 months showed no evidence of recurrent hemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101430050054
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography combined with surface anatomy scanning for convexity lesions (1997)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 20 (1997), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Convexity lesion ; surface anatomy scanning ; time-of-flight ; usefulness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-eight patients with convexity lesions were studied prospectively with the two-dimensional time-of-flight (2D-TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) method. Of these 21 cases had additional surface anatomy scanning (SAS) and 7 cases had three-dimensional phase contrast (3D-PC) MRA. The findings were compared during surgery, and the predictability of 2D-TOF evaluated. 2D-TOF was obtained with 2 mm slice thickness after the administration of contrast media for routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical veins were visualized with a good resolution with a scan time of only 5 minutes. The tumor was also visible in the background, due to enhancement, and thus the tumor-vessels relation was shown. Slow-flow vessels were also adequately seen. SAS was done at the same sitting with fast spin echo (FSE) with a scan time of 3 minutes. Once both images were incorporated, information on gyri and their relation to the lesions and vasculature could be obtained from a single image. We found 2D-TOF alone, or at times in combination with SAS, useful for planning of operation for convexity lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138193
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasospasm after traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: Transcranial Doppler evaluation. Case report (1991)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 14 (1991), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Transcranial Doppler ; traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage ; vasospasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of vasospasm after traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is reported here. Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) was used to evaluate mean flow velocity (MFV) changes of the basal cerebral arteries related to vasospasm. Accelleration of MFV of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) indicating vasospasm was first noted on TCD evaluation, and then proved by carotid angiography (CAG). Evaluation of all TCD results revealed that the process of relaxation or normalization of the spastic artery started from the proximal side of the basal intracranial artery and gradually moving to the distal side. This interesting phenomenon could be a common process found in vasospasm cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383273
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of intracranial aneurysm associated with pituitary adenoma (1997)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 20 (1997), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Aneurym ; association ; incidence ; pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The incidence of in tracranial aneurysm associated with pituitary adenoma is not definitely established although reported higher than in general population. This study was designed to find the existence of such association in a large series of pituitary adenoma cases. A retrospective study of 467 cases of pituitary adenoma (mean age: 41 ± 15 years) was done. All patients underwent cerebral angiography at least of anterior circulation, detailed hormonal study, and 155 cases had additional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. Twenty-five cases (5.4%) of pituitary adenoma (mean age 52 years) had intracranial aneurysm, 97% on anterior circulation, and 12% had multiple aneurysms. Two cases presented with aneurysmal rupture and the rest were incidental. Aneurysm was more frequently seen with increasing age (p 〈 0.001) and the age distribution resembled that of aneurysm among general population. Although the combination was most frequent among nonfuctioning adenoma (8.8%), and least frequent among prolactinoma (2.4%), this association was again due to age factor. There was no association between hormone secretion, size and invasive nature of the tumor. The results showed no association between intracranial aneurysm and pituitary adenoma. Our speculation is that such occurrence is merely a chance factor and the risk is no greater than that among general population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of the venous systems with Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional phase-contrast MR venography (1995)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 18 (1995), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Gadolinium-enhanced MRA ; MRA ; MR venography ; phase-contrast (PC) MRA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and advantages of gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional phase-contrast MR venography for demonstrating the venous systems. The three-dimensional phase-contrast MR venography was performed with a velocity encoding gradient settings from 5 to 20 cm/s on 22 normal subjects. In 8 of normal subjects, gadolinium-enhanced phase-contrast MR venography was performed. 22 subjects (100%) had detectable flow in the sphenoparietal sinus, transverse sinus, basal vein, and internal cerebral vein. With a VENC setting at 10 cm/s, venous system was visualized selectively and clearly. Detection ratio in inferior petrosal sinus, superior petrosal sinus, and superior ophthalmic vein increased from 0% to 25%, from 28.6% to 62.5%, and from 28.6% to 37.5%, respectively, after administration of gadopentate dimeglumine. In conclusion, gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional phase-contrast MR venography was useful for demonstrating the venous systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas with magnetic resonance angiography—demonstrating the draining veins utilizing 3-D time-of-flight and 3-D phase-contrast techniques (1996)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 19 (1996), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation ; carotid-cavernous fistuaa ; phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography ; time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study assessed the ability to diagnose carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) non-invasively using magnetic resonance angiogrphy (MRA). Both three-dimensional time-of-flight (3-D TOF) MRA and three-dimensional phase-contrast (3-D PC) MRA were compared with conventional cerebral angiography in nine patients with CCFs. CCFs were grouped according to Barrow's classification. In all cases, 3-D TOF MRA revealed an inferior petrosal sinus as a draining vein. 3-D PC MRA demonstrated a dilated and tortuous superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and reflux of the SOV in seven patients. In conclusion, CCFs can be diagnosed with MRA alone by demonstrating the drainging veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346602
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against rat brain tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Biotherapy 8 (1994), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8280
    Keywords: Antitumor effect ; macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) ; rat glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tumoricidal effects of M-CSF were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted rat brain tumor cell lines, 9L and T9 gliomas. In rats treated with high-dose M-CSF (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L glioma growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 glioma growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose M-CSF (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L glioma growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose M-CSF (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 glioma growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of M-CSF against cell proliferation, measured as PCNA expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose M-CSF. These results suggest that M-CSF at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of gliomas. This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of M-CSF that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of PCNA expression by the tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01878121
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo effects of recombinant human lymphotoxin on human medulloblastoma xenograft: Enhancement of antitumor activity of etoposide (1994)
    Springer
    Biotherapy 8 (1994), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8280
    Keywords: etoposide ; lymphotoxin (LT) ; medulloblastoma xenograft ; nude mouse ; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors investigated the antitumor activities of rHuLT alone and in combination with etoposide on human medulloblastoma xenografts growing subcutaneously in nude mice. Intravenous administration of rHuLT (1.0×105U/kg, 5.0×105U/kg, 2.5×106U/kg, three times a week for three weeks) suppressed medulloblastoma growth depending on the dose. However, the highest dosage caused serious side effects. Combining rHuLT (intravenously, 5.0×105U/kg, three times a week for three weeks) with etoposide (intraperitoneally, 20mg/kg, once a week for three weeks) increased the antitumor activity without causing serious toxicity. Microscopically, tumor specimen showed thrombosed tumor vessels and massive necrosis 3 weeks after rHuLT treatment. Ultrastructural examination revealed that 120 minutes after the administration of rHuLT alone, disruption of interendothelial junctions was evident, and that the endothelial cells were destroyed at 240 minutes. Concentration of etoposide in tumor tissue peaked 30 minutes after intraperitoneal administration, and then decreased with time. When etoposide was administered in combination with rHuLT, the concentration of etoposide in tumor tissue after 60 to 240 minutes was significantly higher than when etoposide was given alone, and the area under the concentrationversus time curve was also greater for the tumors of mice with combination treatment. The findings suggest that the proper combination of rHuLT and etoposide may have synergistic antitumor activities. Histological changes suggest that increased concentrations of etoposide within the tumor after combination therapy may occur due to increased vascular permeability and/or decreased etoposide clearance which is the result of blood stasis in the tumor vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01878116
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