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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Complexing of Indium(III) by Fluoride Ions in Aqueous Solution: Free Energies, Heats and Entropies (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 58 (1954), S. 26-28 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150511a006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fluoride Complexing of Scandium(III) in Aqueous Solution: Free Energies, Heats and Entropies (1959)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 81 (1959), S. 4185-4189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detonation waves in pentaerythritol tetranitrate (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7193-7202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fabry–Perot laser interferometry was used to obtain nanosecond time resolved particle velocity histories of the free surfaces of tantalum discs accelerated by detonating pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) charges and of the interfaces between PETN detonation products and lithium fluoride crystals. The experimental records were compared to particle velocity histories calculated using very finely zoned meshes of the exact dimensions with the DYNA2D hydrodynamic code. The duration of the PETN detonation reaction zone was demonstrated to be less than the 5 ns initial resolution of the Fabry–Perot technique, because the experimental records were accurately calculated using an instantaneous chemical reaction, the Chapman–Jouguet (C-J) model of detonation, and the reaction product Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) equation of state for PETN detonation products previously determined by supracompression (overdriven detonation) studies. Some of the PETN charges were pressed to densities approaching the crystal density and exhibited the phenomenon of superdetonation. An ignition and growth Zeldovich–von Neumann–Doring (ZND) reactive flow model was developed to explain these experimental records and the results of previous PETN shock initiation experiments on single crystals of PETN. Good agreement was obtained for the induction time delays preceding chemical reaction, the run distances at which the initial shock waves were overtaken by the detonation waves in the compressed PETN, and the measured particle velocity histories produced by the overdriven detonation waves before they could relax to steady state C-J velocity and pressure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365318
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detonation waves in triaminotrinitrobenzene (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3771-3782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fabry–Perot laser interferometry is used to obtain nanosecond time resolved particle velocity histories of the free surfaces of copper, tantalum, or magnesium disks driven by detonating triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)-based charges and of the interfaces between detonating TATB and transparent salt crystals. Detonation reaction zone profiles are measured for self-sustaining detonation waves propagating through various thicknesses of LX-17 (92.5% TATB and 7.5% KelF binder) and pure ultrafine particle size TATB. The experimental records are compared to particle velocity histories calculated with the DYNA2D hydrodynamic code using the ignition and growth reactive flow model. The calculations yield excellent agreement with the experimental records for LX-17 using an unreacted von Neumann spike pressure of 33.7 GPa, a reaction rate law which releases 70% of the chemical energy within 100 ns, and the remaining 30% over 300 additional ns, and a reaction product equation of state fit to cylinder test and supracompression data with a Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) pressure of 25 GPa. The late time energy release is attributed to diffusion controlled solid carbon particle formation. Ultrafine TATB, pressed to a lower density (1.80 g/cm3) than LX-17 (1.905 g/cm3), exhibits lower unreacted spike and C–J pressures than LX-17 but similar reaction rates. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365739
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detonation waves in trinitrotoluene (1999)
    Springer
    Shock waves 9 (1999), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Key words:Detonation, Reaction Zone, Trinitrotoluene, Modeling, Laser Interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Fabry-Perot, ORVIS, and VISAR laser interferometry are used to obtain nanosecond time resolved particle velocity histories of the free surfaces of copper and tantalum discs accelerated by detonating trinitrotoluene (TNT) charges and of the interfaces between TNT detonation products and lithium fluoride crystals. TNT detonation reaction zone profiles are measured for self-sustaining detonation and piston supported overdriven (supracompressed) waves. The experimental records are compared to particle velocity histories calculated using very finely zoned meshes of the exact dimensions with the DYNA2D hydrodynamic code. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model, which is based on the Zeldovich-von Neumann-Döring (ZND) theory of detonation, yields excellent agreement with the experimental records for TNT using an unreacted von Neumann spike pressure of 25 GPa, a reaction rate law which releases 90% of the chemical energy within 80 ns and the remaining 10% over an additional 200 ns, and a reaction product equation of state fit to cylinder test data assuming a Chapman-Jouguet pressure of 19 GPa. The late time energy release is attributed to diffusion controlled solid carbon particle formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001930050160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Reactive HMX Shock Hugoniot Data (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18 (1993), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Modified wedge tests and in situ pressure gauges have been used to measure the shock Hugoniot of HMX/water(1) mixtures. Making the assumption that the mixture is macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic, these data, and literature values for the equation of state of water, are used to deduce the Hugoniot of pure HMX. Shock strengths below 6.0 GPa produced no significant reaction near the shock front. Radiometric observation of the shocked mixture supports this conclusion. The new HMX shock velocity versus particle velocity curve is significantly below that published for solvent pressed HMX. Reactive flow hydrodynamic calculations indicate that as much as 3% - 7% HMX may have reacted in the experiments with solvent pressed material.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180307
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